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pH (ABG)
7.35-7.45
pCO2 (ABG)
35-45
HCO3 (ABG)
22-28
GFR (with 2 kidneys)
125 ml/min
GFR (with 1 kidney)
60-70 ml/min
CKD GFR
< 60 ml/min
End Stage Renal Disease GFR
< 15 ml/min
Normal BNP
< 100
Abnormal BNP
> 100
BNP associated with heart failure
> 300-500
ANP
22-77 pg/ml
BUN
10-20 mg/dl
Creatinine
0.06-1.2 mg/dl
Creatinine in patient with CKD
1.3 mg/dl may be normal
Troponin
0.00-0.04 ng/dl
CK-MB
Spike with rapid clearance can mean re-perfusion & reversible injury
C-Reactive Protein (Low Risk for CVD)
< 1 mg/L
C-Reactive Protein (Average Risk CVD)
1-3 mg/L
C-Reactive Protein (High Risk CVD)
> 3 mg/L
Thrombolytics do what?
Break up blood clots after MI
Thrombolitics examples
Streptokinase, Tissue Plasminogen Activator
Beta Blockers do what?
Decrease HR & contractility
Beta Blockers example
Metroprol, Atenolol, Propanol
Nitrates do what?
Vasodilate coronary vessels
Nitrates example
Nitroglycerin
Calcium Channel Blockers do what?
Inhibit smooth muscle (vasodilate)
Calcium Channel Blockers example
Cardziem
Anti-Platelets do what?
Decrease platelet aggregation & thrombus formation
Anti-Platelets example
Aspirin, Plavix
Anti-Coagulants do what?
Slow clotting process & decrease fibrin production
Anti-Coagulants example
Heparin, Coumadin
Statins do what?
Decrease cholesterol
Statins example
Lipitor, Zocor
+ Inotropes do what?
Increase contractility strength
+ Inotropes example
Digitalis/Digoxin, Dobutamine, Epinephrine
Diuretics do what?
Increase urine production
Diuretics example
Lasix, Bumex, Spironalactone, Hydrochlorothiazide
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) do what?
Blocks function of angiotensin (water retention & vasoconstriction), so it causes vasodilation
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) example
Losartan
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor does what?
Decreases angiotensin production resulting in vasodilation
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor example
Lisinopril
Which medications can reduce hypertension?
Beta Blockers, Nitrates, Calcium Channel Blockers, Diuretics, ARBs, ACE Inhibitors