Genetics Review-II

what does the Endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes do?

They biosynthesis of proteins and lipids

what does the Golgi complex do?

it’s modifies and transports protein and lipids

what does the Mitochondria do?

energy production and metabolism. Carries protein coding genes (DNA)

what does the Peroxisomes and lysosomes do?

they degrade and disposal of cellular wastes

what is nucleic acid?

what is nucleotide?

polymer

monomers

what are the types of nucleic acids?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

what is the difference between DNA and RNA?

RNa has OH at 2’ end and DNA has H at 2’ end

what is the difference between Purines and Pyrimidines?

purines have two rings and pyrimidines have one single ring

Purines has

Pyrimidines has

A, G

T, C, U

DNA has

RNA has

A,G,C,T

A,G,C,U

A pairs with

G pairs with

T

C

Messenger RNA (mRNA) codes for

proteins

Functional RNAs do not code for

protiens because they have other functions

Svedberg co-efficient (S) does what?

molecular density, mass and shape

what is gene?

is a fragment of DNA that codes for a protein

draw the DNA strand, mRNA and lable them. (pg 12-13)

Done

what is the central dogma?

is when DNA codes for messenger RNA (mRNA), which codes for protein

what are the two exceptions to central dogma?

Many genes do not encode mRNA molecules

Genetic information flows in the opposite direction

what is RNA polymerase?

enzyme synthesizes messenger RNA (mRNA) using DNA as a template

what is the one strand of DNA is transcribed into mRNA called the

coding strand, sense strand, nontemplate strand

what is the other strand called

template strand, non-coding strand, antisense strand

what are the mRNA processing in eukaryotes?

done

Draw DNA and mRNA lable it template or no template

done

what does molecular chaperone proteins do?

its a heat shock protien that helps in folding

what is temporal regulation

specific proteins are required at specific times only

what is spatial regulation

specific proteins are needed in only in specific cell or tissue types

what is transcriptomics

measuring gene expression at mRNA level

draw gene expression and all factors

done

what are the Proximal promoter sequences

GC box and CAT box

what is enhancers

enhance the transcription

what is silencers

turn-off transcription

what are Activators

bind to proximal promoter, enhancers and coactivators to activate gene expression

what are Repressors

bind to proximal promoter, silencers and corepressors to repress gene expression.

what are the Basal or general transcription factors

binds to TATA box to form a complex

Basal/General TFs are

TATA box binding proteins (TBP) and TFIID proteins

what are co-activators

bind to activator proteins to mediate gene activation

what are co-repressors

bind to repressor proteins to promote gene repression

what are protein domains

autonomous substructure within the teritiary structure of a protein with specific function

what are types protein motifs

Helix-turn-helix motif, Zinc finger motif, Leucine zipper motif