Latin I: NLE Study Guide

nominative

subject of the sentence

genitive

possession "of"

dative

indirect object "to/for"

accusative

direct object, objective of prepositions (ad, ante, circum, contra, in, inter, per, post, proper, trans)

ablative

"by with at in from" object of the propositions (ab, cum, de, ex, in, pro, sine, sub)

vocative

calling or addressing someone, usually set off by commas

ad

to, toward

ante

before

circum

around, about

contrā

against

in (acc.)

in, into

inter

between, among

per

through

post

after

prope

near

trāns

across, beyond, over

ego, tū, nōs, vōs

nominative pronouns (I, you, we, you all)

mihi, tibi, nobis, vobis

dative pronouns (to me, to you, to us, to you all)

te, me, nos, vos

accusative pronouns (I, you, we, you all)

te, me, nobis, vobis

ablative pronouns (comes with SIDSPACE prepositions)

ab

by, from

cum

with

dē

down from, about

ex

from, out of

in (abl.)

in, on

prō

before, for

sine

without

sub

under

quis

who? (interrogative nominative)

quid

what? (interrogative nominative and accusative only)

quot

how many? (interrogative adjective)

ūnus

1

decem

10

cetum

100

mīlle

1000

crās

adv. tomorrow

herī

adv. yesterday

ibi

adv. there, in that place, then

mox

adv. soon

numquam

adv. never

saepe

adv. often

statim

adv. at once, immediately

subitō

adv. suddenly

tum

adv. then, at that moment

ubi

adv. where, when (also interrogative)

bene

adv. good, well

male

adv. badly

cūr

why? (interrogative)

quōmodo

how, in what way? (interrogative)

quam

than (comparisons)

aut

conj. however, but

et

conj. and

neque

conj. and...not

quod

conj. because

sed

conj. but

ubi (as a conjunction)

where

et...et

conj. both...and

neque...neque

conj. neither...nor

-ne (enclitic)

indicates a question

-que (enclitic)

and

nolī, nolīte

do not, don't

iter facere

to march, to make a journey

memoriā tenēre

to keep in memory, to remember

prīmā lūce

at first light, at dawn

Quid est nōmen tibi? Salvē! Salvēte! Grātiās tibi agō.

What is your name? Hello! Hello! I give thanks to you.

Sōl lūcet

The sun is shining.

Adsum

I am here.

Vēnī, vīdī, vīcī

I came, I saw, I conquered

summā cum laude

with the highest praise/honors

per annum

by the year; annually

A.D.

anno domini (in the year of the Lord)

e.g.

exempli gratia (for example)

etc

et cetera (and the rest)

S.P.Q.R

Senatus Populusque Romanus (the senate and the Roman people)

viginti

20

undeviginti

19

duodeviginti

18

undecim

11

duodecim

12

-decim

+10

-ginta

x10

Imperative Verbs - commands

curre! run! [one person]

currite! run! [all of you]

noli currere don't run! [one person]

nolite currere! don't run! [all of you]

SID SPACE is the ABLATIVE ASTRONAUT

The following prepositions take nouns and adjectives with ablative endings. Those not listed below take an accusative (e.g., ad urbem, to the city)

Sub, under (sub caelo, under the sky)

In, in, on (in urbe, in the city)

De, down from, about, concerning

Sine, without

Pro, for, on behalf of

A/ab, away from, by

Cum, with (cum amicis, with friends)

E/ex, out of, from