Seminar exam 1 (class notes and lecture)

List Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs from top to bottom

1. psychological

2. safety

3. love and belonging

4. esteem

5. self-actualization

What are the 2 most basic needs on Maslows Hierarchy?

biological/physiological and safety

What are the 2 psychological needs on Maslows Hierarchy?

esteem and love/belonging

What is the self fulfillment needs on Maslows Hierarchy?

self actualization

This needs can be defined as the most basic and include food, water, and shelter

Physiological needs

This need includes security, health, and finances

safety needs

This need includes friendship, intimacy, family, and connections

love and belonging needs

This need includes respect, status, recognition, strength, and self-esteem

esteem needs

This need includes meeting one’s full potential in life which is different for every person

self-actualization

What does D.A.B.D.A. represent and what to they each stand for?

The grieving process

D - denial

A -anger

B - bargaining

D - depression

A - acceptance

During the grieving process, if a person says “Yes, me, but…” what stage are they most likely in?

Bargaining stage

This stage of the grieving process should be supported with silence and acceptance

Denial

This stage of the grieving process often complains about service

Anger

This stage of the grieving process focuses on hope and may be religion based

Bargaining

This stage of the grieving process experiences a total lack of feeling

Acceptance

What does A.I.D.E.T stand for?

A - acknowledge

I - introduce

D - duration

E - explanation of exam

T - thank you

T/F; when speaking to patients it is best to avoid leading questions

True

Pitch, tone, rate, and volume of how you speak refers to what type of language?

paralanguage

What type of data collection is perceptible to the senses, measurable, quantifiable information that can be observed and recorded without bias

Objective data

Recording blood pressure, heart rate, temperature, and level of consciousness are examples of objective or subjective data

objective

This type of data collection is perceived by the patient

subjective data

Recording pain levels, nausea, anxiety, or a change in appetite are examples of objective or subjective data collection

subjective

T/F: you should never disregard what the patient says

True

This is defined as the branch of science that deals with how things move

biomechanics

The base of support is where the body ___

rests

Where is the center of gravity on a person?

second sacral segment (S2)

What is the most common injury a radiologic tech has?

back injuries

T/F: the best base if support includes a wide stance

True

T/F: when moving a patient it is best if they just sit still and you do all the moving

False. Let the patient move as much as they can

What is it called when the patient experiences a drop in blood pressure after they sit or stand too quickly

Orthostatic hypotension

What are some symptoms of orthostatic hypotension?

dizziness, fainting, burred vision, and slurred speech

A ____ assist should be used when the patient can move on their own and the chair should be placed 45-degree angle to the table

standby

A ___ ___ pivot should be used when both you and the patient pivot toward the table and lower them down

assisted standing

A ___ ___ lift should be used when one person lifts at the torso and one lifts the lower half. the patient crosses their arms over their chest and is lifted to the chair which is parallel to the table

two-person

When is a hoyer lift used and what is its secondary name

Hydraulic lift and is used for extremely obese or disabled patients

T/F: it is best to push the patient from one bed to the next

False, it is better to pull than push

___ motion is controlled by the patient (breathing, talking, moving)

voluntary

What is the best way to control voluntary motion?

communication

___ motion is not controlled by the patient (shivering, muscle spasms, heartbeat)

involuntary

What is the best way to control involuntary motion?

fast exposure time

T/F: sandbags are radiolucent

False, they are radiopaque

List all 6 vital signs and the proper number or range for an adult

• temperature - 98-99

• pulse - 60-100

• respiration - 12-20 breaths per min

• blood pressure - 120/80

• pain level

• sensorium

What does sensorium check for?

patient alertness

What is known as the 5th cardinal signal?

pain levels

This can be defined as the body’s mechanism of controlling heat production and heat loss

thermoregulation

What is the temperature of the body controlled by?

hypothalamus

How does the respiratory system dissipate heat?

through ventilation (breathing)

Tell the temperature for each body part:

• oral

• axillary

• tympanic

• rectal

• temporal artery

• oral - 98.6

• axillary - 97.6

• tympanic - 99.6

• rectal - 99.6

• temporal - 98.6

Where is the safest spot to take a patients temperature?

axillary

What is the most common spot to take a patients temperature?

oral

Where would the most reliable temperature be taken from?

the rectal

If a patient is described a being febrile, what does that mean?

they have an elevated body temperature

What is the clinical term for fever

pyrexia

Hyperpyrexia means that the patients temperature is above ___

105.8

This temperature condition occurs when the body overheats and causes life-threatening conditions

Hyperthermia

This temperature condition occurs whe he bodies core drops below 95

Hypothermia

Where is the most accurate place to take the pulse of an infant or child?

apical

Where is the most accurate place to take the pulse of an adult?

carotid

What is an average pediatric pulse rate?

70-120 bpm

What is the major muscle of ventilation?

diaphragm

What is the major organ of ventilation?

lungs

T/F: one inspiration and one expiration is reffered to as one respiration

True

T/F: newborns have a faster repiration than adults

True

Define dyspnea

difficulty breathing

Define tachypnea

rapid respirations

Define apnea

not breathing

What does a pulse oximeter measure?

hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the blood and pulse

T/F: a normal pulse ox value ranges from 92%-100%

True

Where is the pulse oximeter placed?

finger, toe, earlobe, or temple

What is the most common oxygen delivery device?

nasal cannula

___ describes the insertion of a tubular device into a canal, hollow organ, or cavity

intubation

___ describes the removal of a tube from a canal, hollow organ, or cavity

extubation

Where should the distal end of an ET tube be placed?

1-2 inches above the tracheal bifurcation

T/F: drug-induced relaxation allows patients to tolerate unpleasant procedures

True

How often should a crash cart be checked and how often should they be restocked?

they should be checked at least monthly and restocked after each use

Brain injury may occur within __ to __ min without oxygen

4-6

what are the 4 classifications of microorganisms?

1. Pathogens

2. Bacteria

3. Viruses

4. Fungi

These are known as single-cell organisms. prokaryotes that lack a nucleus

Bacteria

Bacteria resides in the hot as a group or cluster called a ___

colony

Bacteria produces ___ that remain ___ and highly resistant to the environment

endospores and dorment

Streptococcal, staphyloccal, salmonella, lyme disease, gonorrhea, syphylis, and tetanus are all types of ___ infections

bacterial

___ are the smallest microorganisms known to produce disease

viruses

T/F: a virus cannot live outside a living cell

True

What is a viral infection caused by?

a viron

T/F: viruses can infect pants, animals, and human

True

Common cold, flu, warts, mumps, measules, hepatitis, AIDS, and chicken pox are all examples of ____

viruses

Molds are the primary source of making ___ and ___

drugs and cheese

What are the 2 types of parasites?

he

Helminths are also known as ___ and live in the intestinal tract for ling periods of time if not treated

parasitic worms

Diseases can be transmitted through ___ or ___ contact

direct or indirect

List the chain of infection

1. pathogen

2. reservoir of infection

3. Portal of exit

4. Mode of transportation

5. Portal of entry

6. Susceptible host

Droplets can travel up to __ to __ feet

3-5

Where are nosocromial infections are acquired?

in the hosptial

What is the most common nosocomial infection?

urinary tract infection from urinary catheters

What are some risk factors for obtaining a nosocomial infection?

• age

• heredity

• nutritional staus

• stress

• inadequate rest or exercise

• habits

• health

• inadequate defenses

What are the two types of asepsis

surgical and medical

What is the most effective way to prevent infections from spreading?

hand washing

This is defined as the complete destruction of microbe and their spores

sterilization

What is the best method of sterilization?

autoclave

This is known as a device that produces steam under pressure to sterilize instruments

autoclave