BIO 2630 - CH 7

what are the five classifications of bone?

long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid

long bones?

femur, humerus

short bones?

carpals, tarsals

flat bones?

sternum, ribs, cranial bones

irregular bones?

vertebrae

sesamoid bone?

patella

what are bone marking?

Surface features that serve as attachment sites or passageways

function of a tuberosity?

muscle attachment

function of a crest?

muscle attachment

function of a spine?

muscle/ligament attachment

function of a condyle?

forms joint

function of a fossa?

depression that often receives another bone

function of a foramen?

passageway for nerves and blood vessels

how many cranial bones are there?

8

cranial bones?

frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid

how many facial bones are there?

14

how many facial bones are there?

14

largest facial bones?

maxillae and mandible

only moveable skull bones?

mandible

What is the foramen magnum?

Opening where the spinal cord passes through the skull

What are the occipital condyles?

Articulate with C1 (atlas)

Function of mastoid process?

Muscle attachment

What is the sella turcica?

Houses the pituitary gland

What are alveoli?

Tooth sockets

coronal suture?

between frontal and parietal bones

sagittal suture?

between the two parietal bones

lambdoid suture?

between parietal and occipital bones

squamous suture?

between temporal and parietal bones

sacrum?

5 fused vertebrae

coccyx?

usually 4 fused vertebrae

c1?

atlas (supports skull)

c2?

axis (contains dens)

function of dens?

allows head rotation

thoracic cage consists of?

sternum, ribs, thoracic vertebrae

number of rib pairs?

12

true ribs?

ribs 1-7

false ribs?

ribs 8-12

floating ribs?

ribs 11-12

bones of pectoral girdle?

clavicle and scapula

function of pectoral girdle?

attaches upper limbs to axial skeleton

Three bones that fuse to form each hip bone?

Ilium, ischium, pubis

Largest hip bone?

ilium

What are the ischial tuberosities?

"Sit bones"

Lateral forearm bone?

radius

Medial forearm bone?

ulna

Number of carpals?

8

Number of metacarpals?

5

Number of phalanges in one hand?

14

number of tarsals?

7

largest tarsal?

calcaneus (heel bone)

Female pelvis characteristics?

Wider, shallower, larger pelvic inlet/outlet

Male pelvis characteristics?

Narrower, deeper, heavier

Female pubic angle?

Greater than 90°

Male pubic angle?

Less than 90°

foramen magnum transmits?

spinal cord

optic canal transmits?

optic nerve (CN II)

jugular foramen transmits?

internal jugular vein and cranial nerves

carotid canal transmits?

internal carotid artery

three foot arches?

medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse

functions of foot arches?

weight distributions, support, shock absorption

what maintains foot arches?

ligaments, tendons, and muscles

which foot arch is highest?

medial longitudinal arch