Theology III Term 1 Exam

True Happiness

comes from living in accord with our human dignity as children of God

Human Dignity

the quality of being worthy of esteem or respect; each person has worth and value because each person is made in God’s image

Beatitudes

attitudes and actions that prepare us for Heaven

Free Will/Freedom

the power, rooted

License vs. Freedom

• License: the absence of freedom

• Freedom: freedom for excellence; the ability to act rightly

Original Holiness

closeness with God

Orignal Solitude

humans are different from the rest of Creation

Original Unity

Adam and Eve were a gift to one another

Original Nakedness

Adam and Eve could see one another’s full dignity

Original Sin

the sin of Adam and Eve; the state into which we were all born

Concupiscence

the tendency to sin

Recapitulation

by His obedience, Jesus undoes harm that Adam’s disobedience caused

Salvation History

the story of how God is reconciling humankind through covenants

Covenant

an agreement by which two parties become families

Law of the Gift

we are created to make a gift of ourselves

Four Traits of the Gift of Self

our self gift should be free, total, faithful, and fruitful

Holiness

closeness of God; state of being like God and in relationship with Him

Universal Call to Holiness

the Catholic teaching that everyone is called to be holy

• personal and individual

Consecrated Life

people who live a life set apart for God

Consecrated Virginity

women living in the world

Religious Life

consecrated people who live in community and take vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience

Hermits

live separately in a life of prayer ad penance

Secular Institutes/Third Orders

lay people who live a particular charism

Virtue

a habitual and firm disposition to do good

What are the Theological Virtues?

• faith

• hope

• charity

What are the Cardinal Virtues?

• prudence

• justice

• temperance

• fortitude

Conscience

a judgement of reason by which the person recognizes the moral quality of a specific act

Theotokos

Mother of God

Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Mary was conceived without original sin

Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary

at the end of her life, Mary was taken up, body and soul, into heaven

Perpetual Virginity of the Blessed Virgin Mary

Mary remained a virgin her whole life

Principle of Doubt Effect

a way of navigating situations in which there will be good and bad consequences

Law

ordinance of reason for the common good of society

Eternal Law

God’s will and wisdom directing His creatures to their end goal

Natural Law

do good and avoid evil; discoverable by human reason

Revealed Law

Old Testament Law, Law of the Gospel; fulfills the Gospel

Object

the action itself

End/Intention

the reason for acting

Circumstances

conditions that have some bearing on the actions

For an act to be good, what three conditions must be met?

1. object must be good

2. intention must be good

3. circumstances must be fitting

Protoevangelion

God immediately set into motion the course of events through which He would reconcile us with Him

Personal Sin

sins that we choose to commit

Mortal Sin

sin that destroys our grace in the soul

Venial Sin

sin that weakens our relationship with God

Social Sin

cooperating in one another’s sins

Mitigating Factors

things that reduce our freedom, and thus our responsibility for an action

List the Ten Commandments

1. I am the Lord your God; you shall not have strange gods before me.

2. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.

3. Remember to keep holy the Lord's Day.

4. Honor your father and mother.

5. You shall not kill.

6. You shall not commit adultery.

7. You shall not steal.

8. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.

9. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife.

10. You shall not covet your neighbor's goods.

Does the Fifth Commandment prohibit all killing?

No

• the Fifth Commandment prohibits unlawful killing, such as murder

• it allows for instances like self-defense or just war

In the Catholic understanding, is sex morally good or evil?

morally good

Greed

inordinate desire for material things

Avarice

desire for riches and the power that comes from them

Envy

sadness at another’s good fortune and willingness to take it from them

Perjury

taking an untruth after taking an oath to tell the truth

Detraction

revealing someone’s faults to another who had no need of knowing

Calumny

lying about someone so others will make false judgements

Lying

to speak or act against the truth in order to lead someone into error

What are two important traits any sexual act should have?

1. Unitive: bringing the spouses closer together

2. Procreative: open to life

What is the current Catholic teaching on war?

That the Just War Theory is outdated

• Just War Theory: teaching on conditions that must be met for war to be permissible

  • threatened damage must be lasting, grave, and certain

  • last resort (all other means are ineffective)

  • serious possible success

  • use of arms must not produce more evil

  • must consider human rights

Is capital punishment permissible, according to the Catholic perspective?

No

Original sin disrupted four relationships for Adam and Eve, and by extension, for humankind. List these relationships and explain how each was disrupted by original sin.

Original sin is the sin of Adam and Eve and the state into which we are all born. Because of original sin, the four relationships for Adam and Eve were disrupted, disrupting these relationships for all humankind. The fourfold disruptions in relationships are: humans and God, humans and one another, humans and themselves, and humans and the natural world. The relationship between humans and God was disrupted by original sin because Adam and Eve disobeyed God’s orders and didn’t trust in Him. The relationship between humans and one another was disrupted by original sin because shame and fear replaced mutual love and respect. The relationship between humans and themselves was disrupted by original sin because concupiscence began, leading to a disconnect between body and soul. The relationship between humans and the natural world was disrupted by original sin because creation was subjected to corruption, disease, and death.