PSYD 879 Final

Zabinski - Group Therapy

creates a feeling of optimism about one's future and the ability to cure that which needs not be endured and endure that which cannot be cured

Installation of hope

Helps group members realize that they are not alone in their suffering and the problems they face, and that others are willing to support them, which helps move group members out of isolation and can be profoundly healing. 

Universality

educates and empowers group members with knowledge pertaining to their specific situation, whether it be information about a resource or someone's personal story of how they dealt with difficulties and experienced success

Imparting of information

Allows group members to experience a sense of significance by helping others. As one comes to recognize they have something of value to provide their fellow group members, they gain in self-worth and confidence.

Altruism

allows for the rectification of past family and childhood events within the safety of the group, which in a way acts as a substitute family for each member. New ways of relating can be formed, helping to weaken unhelpful patterns learned in one's family of origin.

Corrective Recapitulation of the Primary Family Group

encourages and advances relating and social skills such as tolerance, boundaries, empathy, and conflict resolution. This helps reduce isolation and promotes connection with others in more meaningful ways, which is generalized over time into one's life outside of the group.

Development of Socializing Techniques

helps group members learn more effective ways of confronting problems and managing relationships by witnessing other members apply new and appropriate methods that disrupt their old, dysfunctional patterns.

Imitative Behavior

provides opportunity for group members to learn about relationships and intimacy, in effect helping them develop supportive, authentic interpersonal relationships. Within the safety of the group space, members can openly share and communicate; in return, they receive support and respectful feedback, perhaps for the first time ever.

Interpersonal Learning

gives members a sense of belonging, acceptance, and value, providing both a nurturing and empowering experience. This promotes security within oneself and in relationship to others and is an important catalyst for group members to take the risks of self-disclosure and change. 

Group Cohesiveness

releases strong or long-suppressed emotions associated with past psychological woundings, bringing a sense of relief and allowing for significant shifts in one's internal framework.

Catharsis

involves one’s individual quest to find meaning in their life. Includes the process of understanding and accepting the reality of the human condition, with all its frustrations and limitations. With each other's support, group members learn to accept life on life's terms without seeking escape or denial, without fighting it, and without being paralyzed by it. Instead, they learn how to live with them and through them, seeing that obstacles are not in the way of the path but in fact are the path

Existential Factors

Father of social psychology. Credited with the idea that groups are more than the sum of their parts

Kurt Lewin

Believed that all groups follow a sequence and pattern (Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing)

Bruce Tuckman

The first 3-6 meetings of a group where everyone appears guarded, polite, and nervous.

Forming

People’s guards begin to come down, people become involved in conflict and confrontation, helps them learn how to resolve problems and effectively deal with strong emotions that arise

Storming

Unspoken group rules form, and people begin to understand the flow of group

Norming

Group members work collaboratively to solve one another’s problems, fully established social microcosm

Performing

Which of Yalom’s therapeutic factors predominate the performing stage

Catharsis

Which of Yalom’s therapeutic factors predominate the forming stage

Universality and cohesion

Which of Yalom’s therapeutic factors predominates the storming stage

Corrective recapitulation of the primary family group

Who was often credited as the first person to do group therapy

Joseph Pratt

What were the first officially recognized therapy groups

Tuberculosis Groups

Who is credited with the idea that there is a work group and a basic assumption group

Wilfred Bion

aspect of group functioning which has to do with the primary task of the group—what the group has formed to accomplish

Work group

tacit underlying assumptions on which the behaviour of the group is based

Basic assumption group

What are the basic assumptions according to Wilfred Bion

Dependency, fight or flight, pairing

During which stage do people in the group “catch new members up on the rules and customs of the group”

Storming

People begin to passively dislike each other and try to fill the power vacuum as the therapist takes a more passive role

Storming

Therapist explains the rules of the group, sets boundaries and expectations for the group

Forming

A unique social microcosm has developed and members begin to work collaboratively on problems becoming increasingly more vulnerable and typically seeing cathartic breakthroughs

Performing

_____ is a problem in group therapy because members often discuss elements of group outside the group setting potentially revealing information about one another

Confidentiality

______ is a problem in group therapy because members may meet outside the group and those interactions may impact their willingness to share in group

Multiple relationships

Which of the following is not one of the 3 core roles of the therapist according to yalom

Driving the change

According to yalom, the therapist creates physical and psychological boundaries to make sure everyone benefit from the group

Gatekeeper

According to yalom the therapist must dictate how they want group sessions to go and provide the basis for group norms to prevent leakage

Social architect

According to yalom, group members should try to avoid speaking with one another outside the group about topics that should be addressed in group. If they do, they should come to group and talk about what it meant to break this rule

Bring the outside in

According to yalom, therapists should ask why leakage and subgrouping are happening and identify when they are no longer healthy or beneficial

Analyze resistance

According to yalom, therapist must recognize what two people are hiding, what it does for them, and how it impacts the group

Identify the secret

According to yalom, it is necessary that the therapist recognize who is being pushed out of group, othered, or scapegoated and find out what it does for that person and the group

Clinical eye

According to yalom, it is necessary that the therapist help the group move from content to process, from events to feelings, and from blame to interpersonal learning

Activate the here and now

According to yalom, all of the following except ____ contribute to engine stall

1. Content over process

2. Resistance

3. Transference

4. Therapist self-disclosure

Therapist self disclosure

People begin to act out real world maladaptive behaviors in group

Social microcosm

feedback in group leads one to try a new behavior outside of the controlled group setting which makes those close to them uncomfortable

Corrective emotional experience

Therapist baggage influences thoughts and feelings about other, may lead them to miss things in clients they like the most

Countertransference

Type of countertransference where the therapist feeds into and sustains group dependency

Benevolent dictator

Therapist begins to feel incompetent or impotent after being called out, shuts down and becomes clinically rigid, often spewing knowledge to protect self-esteem

Defensive retreat

Noticing characteristics of a person that fit our assumptions and wants, building that person into the role we want them to play

Projective identification

Yalom believes groups should be stratified based on ____

Interpersonal capacity

Who believed that it was important to address identity differences to avoid assumptions of permissiveness and making marginalized people speak for their community

Ryan Delapp

Who discussed the idea of “safety net systems”

Astrea Greig

Which of the following are concerns about telehealth in safety net systems

1. Access

2. Capability

3. Confidentiality

4. All of the above

All of the above

Therapist must pay attention to why people are dropping out of therapy to avoid stereotyping and overattributing to clinical resistance

Structural attrition

According to Bemak and Chung, ____ is to encourage expressing and examining issues of power, privilege, status, biases, prejudice, oppression, racism, discrimination, marginalization, cultural mistrust, systematic oppression, and the influence of dominant culture on racial group members, all of which have an impact on mental health

Encourage Race Dialogues

According to Bemak and Chung ____ highlights that it is important, therefore, that group therapists understand racial dynamics and racism from multiple perspectives that include historical and sociopolitical values (implicit andexplicit), biases, prejudices, power, and privileges, and have an understanding of how these variables relate to mental health issues that are present in group therapy with diverse clientele

Racial interpersonal process

According to Bemak and Chung Having a clear understanding of _____ theory provides the group psychotherapist with a deeper sensitivity about the impact of race on Interpersonal and group behaviors

Racial identity

According to Bemak and Chung What they say, what they do, and how they interact influences group members. Similarly, the group therapist’s impact on the group will have substantial effect during difficult race dialogues

role models

According to Bemak and Chung Group psychotherapists, similar to others, receive a continuous barrage of information that influences and affects their values and perspectives of the world and, subsequently, their clinical work

Political countertransference

According to Bemak and Chung Ethical standards used by mental health practitioners are based on Western European American cultural values and may not be applicable in group psychotherapy that incorporates difficult race dialogues

Redefining cultural ethical boundaries

The turning point for modern group therapy. Massive numbers
of soldiers presenting with "shell shock" (PTSD) matched against a
shortage of psychiatrists forced individual psychoanalysis to adapt to
group-based deployment

World War 2

Introduced by Lewin to study how individuals perceive, react to, and process one another in real-time.
This laid the groundwork for tracking live relational dynamics

T-Groups

Who introduced the linear gold standard framework tracking a collection of strangers transforming into a high functioning group system

Bruce Tuckman

When does a leader provide explicit structure to lower initial anxiety, establish a baselines safety, and foster early universality

Forming

When are members polite, guarded, and displaying dependent orientation toward the leader

Forming

When do power struggles emerge, with members challenging boundaries and authority

Storming

When does trust rise, allowing group members to pivot from standard social small talk to true psychological work

Norming

When does the group regress, their defenses spike, and grief surfaces? During this time, the leader must assist with consolidating gains and processing the loss of the group system

Adjourning

Treating the leader as an omniscient savior, remaining completely passive

Dependency

Group members unconsciously fixate on a bond or flirtation between two members hoping a magical solution or messiah will be born to save the group system.

Pairing

Who rejects linear steps in group. Believes groups experience long cycles of stagation or inertia interrupted by sudden explosive bursts of systemic change triggered by external crises or deadlines

Connie Gersick

Connie Gersick’s theory that rejects linear steps in group. Believes groups experience long cycles of stagation or inertia interrupted by sudden explosive bursts of systemic change triggered by external crises or deadlines

Punctuated Equilibrium

Who believed staying silent on diversity variables is a major clinical and ethical error

Dennis Debiak

Approaching difference not as a static checklist to master, but as a lifelong unyielding committment to identity self-awareness

Cultural humility

The defining task for most group therapy, moving the room away from historical storytelling into live immediate processing

Activation of the here and now

Subgrouping or external social contact that drains emotional energy away from the collective therapeutic container

Systemic Leakage

One of the therapists duties is to pay unyielding attention to who is being physically or emotionally pushed out of the circle

Tracking marginalization

Systems frequently attempt to push one member out to avoid facing a shared internal conflict or collective frustration

Scapegoating

Generating live information by shifting content to interpersonal dynamics

Activation

Pure experiencing is insufficient. A group becomes merely a social gathering

Reflection

When the group system forces an individual into a character

Role lock

Who spoke about disrupting the colorblind notion in groups

Bemak and Chung

Who wanted blend standard group dynamics with narrative therapy principles to systematically shift systemic trauma from an internal individualized defect to an externalized experience

Chou

Formally separating the person’s core identity from the trauma of oppression

Externalizing the problem

Honoring collectivistic values by emphasizing shared storytelling and collective meaning-making over direct individualist confrontational feedback loops.

De-centering Western Individualism

Utilizing the group as an outsider witness cohort. When one member shares a narrative of survival or resistence, others testify to the strength they just witnessed from that member

Definitional ceremonies