digetsive stystem test bio

Vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering the biological stages from ingestion through to the excretion of undigested food.

INGESTION

food is eaten and introduced into the body

DIGESTION

food is broken down physically and chemically

ABSORPTION

digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream

ASSIMILATION

digested food is converted into fluid and solid parts of cells and tissues

elimination

digested food are excreted from the body

examples of nutrients that food is made of

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

what’s easily pass through the intestinal wall

monosaccharides and amino acids

what ingested molecule form is protein

polypeptide chain

what ingested molecule form is lipids

triglycerids

what ingested molecule form is carbohydrates

polysaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides

what ingested molecule form is nucleic acids

dna and rna

what digested molecule form is protein

amino acids

what digested molecule form is lipids

3 fatty acids and glycerol

what digested molecule form is carbohydrates

monosaccharides

what digested molecule form is nucleic acid

nucleotides

what are the three things digestion requires

mechanical digestion to break down large particles and bile to break up a lipid droplets and enzymes to catalyze the reaction

two types of digestion

Mechanical and chemical

Mechanical digestion

physically breaks down food and into smaller pieces

The stomach landing contains internal folds called

ruggae

chewing in the mouth by teeth

Degration by grinding and tearing by the teeth

what does the epiglottis prevent?

bolus from entering the trachea

churning in the stomach

ruggae compressing food later digested into a paste called chyme

bile secreted in the small intestine

Bile emulsifies lipids and breaks them down into smaller lipid droplets

Chemical digestion

Breaks down food through the action of enzymes

enzymes

accelerated the digestion process

and sometimes a low digestive process to occur

at body temperature and sufficient rate for survival

enzymes are

substrate specific

what is the digestive tract

The tube where food passes through the body

esophagus

A tube that moves food by peristalsis from the mouth to the stomach

stomach

A temporary storage tank where food is mixed with water and stomach acid

small intestine

nutrients are digested and absorbed

what does the small intestine do to the stomach acid

it neutralizes the stomach acid and increased pH 2-8

large intestine

Water is reabsorbed and fecal formation

Liver

Production of bile and physically breaks up lipid droplets

gall bladder

Bile storage and releases bile into the small intestine

pancreas

produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine

lipase

breaks down lipids

amylase

breaks down starch

protease

breaks down proteins

two layers of smooth muscles

circular and longitudinal

muscle longitudinal

moved food to the intestine

circular muscle

prevents movement towards the mouth

gastrin

hormone that’s transported into the bloodstream

gastrin is produced

in the stomach

gastric juices form

digestive liquids that help with chemical digestion

what are the three gastric juices?

Hydrochloric acid, pepsin, and mucus

hydrochloric acid

Creates a highly acidic environment

Pepsin

an enzyme that initiates the chemical digestion of proteins

what is pepsinogen

The inactive form of Pepsin

mucus

Keeps food lubricated and protects the stomach walls