Unit 5 Review: Revolution and Industrialization

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Unit 5, including the Enlightenment, the French and Latin American Revolutions, and the Industrial Revolution.

Reason and Logic

The two primary tools used by both the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment to develop new ideas.

Natural Rights

The Enlightenment concept of life, liberty, and property advocated by John Locke.

Consent of the Governed

The principle agreed upon by Rousseau and Locke stating that government authority is based on the permission of the people.

Old Regime

The social hierarchy and political system of pre-revolutionary France characterized by three estates.

Storming of the Bastille

A significant event marking the start of the French Revolution in 1789.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A fundamental document of the French Revolution that defined individual and collective rights of all the estates as one.

Jacobins

A radical political group that rose to power during the French Revolution.

Reign of Terror

A violent period of the French Revolution marked by mass executions of those deemed enemies of the state.

Invasion of Russia

The military campaign that ultimately led to Napoleon’s downfall.

Haitian Revolution

The 1791 slave revolt against French rule, led by Toussaint L'Ouverture, which resulted in the abolition of slavery and independence.

Creoles

The social class in Spanish colonies that led Latin American revolutions due to discontent with the existing social order.

Urbanization

The process of population shift from rural areas to cities that occurred during the Industrial Revolution.

Mass Production/Consumerism

The manufacturing of large quantities of standardized products, often using assembly lines, which fueled a culture of buying goods.

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

An economic system where the government does not interfere in the workings of the free market.

Means of Production

The facilities and resources for producing goods, such as factories, mines, and machines.

Class Struggle

According to Karl Marx, the primary theme that describes all of human history.

Bourgeoisie

The 'haves' of the Industrial Age who owned the means of production.

Proletariat

The 'have-nots' of the Industrial Age who represented the working class.

Standard of Living

The level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class.

Steel

An advancement of the Second Industrial Revolution created by the process of strengthening iron.

19th Amendment (1920)

The legislative act that achieved women's suffrage (the right to vote).

Nationalism

The ideology that helped to unify Germany and Italy in the late 1800s.

Blood and Iron

The policy used by the architect of German unification to build a unified state.