Dentitions and Dental Anatomy

Complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering basic dental anatomy, dentition types, numbering systems, and tooth structures based on the provided lecture notes.

Dentition

The term used to describe the natural teeth in the jawbones.

Primary Dentition

The first set of $20$ teeth, also referred to as "baby teeth" or deciduous dentition.

Mixed Dentition

A transitional period generally occurring between the ages of $6$ and $12$ years when both primary and permanent teeth are present.

Succedaneous teeth

Permanent teeth that replace primary teeth, including the central incisors, lateral incisors, and first and second premolars.

Exfoliation

The process where the roots of a baby tooth are resorbed by the body and dissolved until so little root remains that the tooth falls out.

Resorption

The process where osteoclasts (bone resorbing cells) destroy the root of the deciduous tooth to allow the permanent tooth to erupt.

Permanent Dentition

The final or adult dentition that begins with the shedding of the last primary tooth.

Maxillary arch

The upper dental arch which is part of the skull and is fixed; the teeth are set in the maxilla bone.

Mandibular arch

The lower dental arch which is capable of movement through the action of the temporomandibular joint.

Occlusion

The natural contact between the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions.

Quadrants

The four sections created by dividing the maxillary and mandibular arches into halves.

Sextant

One of six parts used to divide the dentition, including maxillary right posterior, maxillary anterior, and maxillary left posterior, as well as three corresponding mandibular sections.

Anterior teeth

The central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines which are visible when we smile.

Posterior teeth

The molars in the primary dentition, and the premolars and molars in the permanent dentition.

Incisors

Single-rooted teeth with sharp, thin edges designed to cut food without the application of heavy force.

Canine teeth

Also known as cuspids, these are the longest teeth in the human dentition and are referred to as the cornerstone of the dental arch.

Premolars

Also known as bicuspids, these teeth are a cross between canines and molars with both pointed buccal cusps for holding food and lingual cusps for grinding it.

Molars

Large teeth usually having four or more cusps on the occlusal surface designed to chew or grind food.

Embrasures

Triangular spaces in a gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining teeth in contact.

Centric occlusion

A position where the jaws are closed, producing maximal stable contact between the occluding surfaces of the maxillary and mandibular teeth.

Functional occlusion

The contact of the teeth during biting and chewing movements.

Malocclusion

An abnormal or malpositioned relationship of the teeth.

Curve of Spee

The curvature formed by the maxillary and mandibular arches in occlusion.

Curve of Wilson

A line drawn across the occlusal surface of the left mandibular first molar, across the arch, and through the occlusal surface of the right mandibular first molar.

Universal/National Numbering System

A system where primary teeth are lettered $A$ through $T$ and permanent teeth are numbered $1$ through $32$.

Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) System

A two-digit tooth-recording system where the first digit indicates the quadrant and the second indicates the tooth within the quadrant.

Palmer Notation System

A shorthand diagram system, most common in orthodontics, where each of the four quadrants is given its own tooth bracket.

Occlusal surfaces

The chewing surface of all posterior teeth.

Incisal surfaces

The edge of all anterior teeth, including centrals, laterals, and canines.

Lingual surfaces

The surface of any tooth that faces toward the tongue.

Buccal surface

The surface of posterior teeth that faces toward the cheek.

Facial surface

The surface of anterior teeth that faces toward the lips.

Mesial surfaces

The proximal surface of a tooth that is closest to the midline.

Distal surfaces

The proximal surface of a tooth that is away from the midline.

Line angle

An angle formed by the junction of two surfaces of a tooth crown along an imaginary line.

Point angle

An angle formed by the junction of three surfaces at one point.

Enamel

The hardest tissue in the body, which covers the outside of the crown of the tooth.

Dentin

The yellow-colored material that makes up the majority of the tooth, located in both the crown and root.

Secondary dentin

New dentin that a tooth adds to itself as a living tissue.

Reparative dentin

Dentin that is laid down specifically in response to caries or trauma.

Cementum

The material that covers the roots and provides a medium for the attachment of the root to the bone.

Pulp

Tissue composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue, and nerve tissue located within the pulp cavity.

Odontoblasts

Dentin-forming cells that line the pulp chamber.

Pulp horns

Structures located at the very tip of the pulp chamber.

Permanent Dentition

At what stage does the jawbone stop growing?

Five teeth

How many teeth are in a quadrant of primary dentition?

eight teeth

How many teeth are in a quadrant of permanent dentition?

Maxillary right and left posterior, anterior, mandibular right and left posterior, anterior

What are the six sextants?

central incisors, canines, and lateral incisors

What are the anterior teeth called?

The first and second molars

What includes the posterior teeth in primary dentition?

First and second premolars, three new adult molars

What includes posterior teeth in the permanent dentition?

Cutting food

Incisors teeth are designed for what function?

Cuspids

What is another name for canine teeth?

The canine

What is the cornerstone of the dental arch?

premolars

What are also known as bicuspids?

Buccul cusps hold food, Lingual cusps grind it

In premolars, what holds and grinds the food?

Normal contour, Inadequeate Contour, Overcontiuring

What are the three anatomical features of the tooth?

Apical, Middle, Cervical

What are the thirds of the root of the tooth?

contact of teeth during biting and chewing

Describe a functional occlusion

Closed position that provides stable contact between mandible and maxilla

Describe centric occulsion

Class 1, Normal Bite

What is neutroclusion?

Class II, Overbite

What is distoclusion?

Class III, underbite

What is mesioclusion?

Line across left mandibular first molar to right mandibular first molar

What is the purpose of curve of Wilson?

Capital letters A-T

How do you number primary teeth?

Upper RIGHT second molar

With primary dentition, where does lettering start?

1-32

What are the permanent teeth numbered?

Upper right third molar

Where does numbering start on permanent dentition?

Buccal- to cheeks, Facial- anterior lingual- towards the tounge

Types of surfaces?

pulp chamber (crown of tooth), and pulp canal (root canal)

What does the pulp consist of?

Tip of the pulp chamber.

Where are pulp horns located?

It lines the pulp chamber consisting of dentin cells.

What are ondoblasts?

Attaches the root to the bone

What’s the main purpose of cementum?

Color is yellow, can repair itself, can be considered secondary and reparative

Describe dentin

Edges of ALL anterior teeth

What does incisor surfaces include?

Chewing surface of all posterior teeth

What are Occulusal surfaces?

Proximal(side by side) surface of teeth closest to anterior teeth

What are mesial surfaces?