UPDATED LAB EXAM

Fungi

Heterotrophic eukaryotes that absorb nutrients; cell walls made of chitin

Plasmogamy

Fusion of cytoplasm

Karyogamy

Fusion of nuclei (delayed in fungi

Zoospore

Flagellated spore (Chytrids)

Zygosporangium

Sexual structure producing zygospores (Zygomycota)

Sporangiophore

Stalk holding sporangium

Sporangium

Asexual spore

Ascocarp

Fruiting body of Ascomycota (sexual)

Ascus

Sac where ascospores form

Ascospores

Sexual spores in Ascomycota

Conidiophore

Asexual spore structure

Conidia

Asexual spores

Basidiocarp

Mushroom (fruiting body)

Basidium

Structure producing basidiospores

Basidiospores

Sexual spores

Chytridiomycota

Aquatic fungi with flagellated spores

Zygomycota

Bread mold; zygosporangium

Glomeromycota

Mycorrhizae

Ascomycota

Sac fungi; asci

Basidiomycota

Club fungi; mushrooms

Mycorrhizae

Fungus + plant roots mutualism

Arbuscule

Structure for nutrient exchange

Lichen

Fungus + algae/cyanobacteria

Porifera

Sponges; no tissues

Ostia

Water enters

Osculum

Water exits

Choanocyte

Captures food

Amoebocyte

Transports nutrients

Spicules

Skeleton

Mesohyl

Gel layer

Porocyte

Forms pores

Cnidaria

Diploblastic, radial animals

Cnidocyte

Stinging cell

Polyp

Attached form

Medusa

Free

Mesoglea

Jelly layer

Gastrovascular cavity

Digestion + circulation

Nerve net

Simple nervous system

Protostome

Mouth forms first

Deuterostome

Anus forms first

Coelom

Body cavity

Acoelomate

No cavity

Pseudocoelomate

Partial cavity

Coelomate

True cavity

Nematoda

Roundworms; pseudocoelom

Cuticle

Protective outer layer

Arthropoda

Jointed limbs, exoskeleton

Exoskeleton

External skeleton (chitin)

Ecdysis

Molting

Chelicerata

Spiders; 8 legs, no antennae

Myriapoda

Many legs

Hexapoda

Insects; 6 legs

Crustacea

Crabs; 2 antennae

Flatworms

Acoelomate, incomplete gut

Ocelli

Eyespots

Auricles

Sensory lobes

Pharynx

Feeding tube

Mollusca

Soft

Mantle

Covers body

Foot

Movement

Visceral mass

Organs

Cephalopods

Advanced; closed circulation

Annelida

Segmented worms

Clitellum

Reproduction

Gizzard

Grinding

Brachiopod

Lophophore feeder

Pedicle

Attachment structure

Echinodermata

Marine animals with tube feet

Tube feet

Movement + feeding

Water vascular system

Hydraulic system

Chordates

Animals with 5 key traits

Notochord

Support rod

Dorsal nerve cord

Nervous system

Pharyngeal slits

Gill openings

Post

anal tail

Endostyle

Feeding/thyroid precursor

Agnatha

Jawless fish

Gnathostomes

Jawed animals

Tetrapods

Four limbs

Amniotes

Amniotic egg

Cardiopulmonary system

Heart + lungs transport gases

P wave

Atria contract

QRS complex

Ventricles contract

T wave

Relaxation

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate

Tachycardia

Fast heart rate

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Average blood pressure

Dive response

Reflex when submerged triggers Cold, Breath holding, Face in water

Nephron

Functional unit of kidney

Glomerulus

Filtration

Bowman’s capsule

Collects filtrate

Proximal tubule

Reabsorption

Loop of Henle

Water/salt balance

Distal tubule

Secretion

Collecting duct

Final urine

Osmosis

Water movement across membrane

Hypertonic

Cell shrinks

Hypotonic

Cell swells

Isotonic

No change