practical #1 microbio lab

sphere

cocci

clusters

staph

chains

strepto

rods

bacilli

spiral

spirochaetes

2 chemistry in bacteria

peptidoglycan and negative charged

2 examples of basic dyes (+ charged)

crystal violet, methylene blue, safranin and carbolfuchsin

2 examples of acidic dyes ( - charged)

nigrosin, congo red and india ink

what makes up gram + bacteria

peptidoglycan and teichoic acid

what makes up gram - bacteria

peptidoglycan, LPS and lipid a (endotoxin)

gram stain process

crystal violet, iodine, alcohol wash and safranin

3 important things during gram process (name step and why its important)

iodine (mordant), alcohol wash (most critical step) and safranin (counterstain)

toxic shock syndrome (gram + cocci)

staphylococcus aureus

the other staph bacteria (gram + cocci)

staphylococcus epidermidis

toxic shock syndrome and strep throat (gram + cocci)

streptococcus pyogenes

meningitis (gram + cocci)

streptococcus agalactiae

pneumonia (gram + cocci)

streptococcus pneumoniae

urinary tract infection (gram + cocci)

enterococcus species

gonorrhea (gram - cocci)

neisseria gonorrhoeae

meningococcal meningitis (gram - cocci)

neisseria meningitidis

anthrax (gram + rods) AErobic

bacillus anthracis

food poisoning (gram + rods) AErobic

bacillus cereus

non pathogenic (gram + rods) AErobic

bacillus subtilis

tetanus (gram + rods) ANAerobic

clostridium tetani

botulism (gram + rods) ANAerobic

clostridium botulinum

gas gangrene (gram + rods) ANAerobic

clostridium perfringens

pseudomembranous colitis (gram + rods) ANAerobic

clostridium difficile

E.coli ( gram - rods) ± O2

escherichia coli

salmonella ( gram - rods) ± O2

salmonella species

shingles ( gram - rods) ± O2

shigella species

starts with P ( gram - rods) ± O2

proteus mirabilis

starts with P (gram - rods) ANAerobic

prevotella species

starts with B (gram - rods) ANAerobic

bacteroides species

starts with F (gram - rods) ANAerobic

fusobacterium species

syphilis

treponema pallidium

lyme disease

borrelia burgdorferi

leptospirosis

leptospira interrogans