Important Pysch/Soc People

Piaget

Cognitive Development

0-2 Sensorimotor: Object Permanence

2-7 Pre-Operational: Egocentrism

7-12 Concrete Operation: Conservation

12-Death: Formal Operation: Abstract Thinking

Good Mnemonic: Some People Can Fly

Erikson

Psychosocial Development

0-1 Mistrust vs Trust

1-3 Shame vs Autonomy

3-6 Guilt vs Initiative

6-12 Industry vs Inferiority

12-20 Identity vs Confusion

20-40 Intimacy vs Isolation

40-60 Stagnation vs Generativity

60+ Despair vs Integrity

Good Mnemonic: My Sexy Girl In Isis Is Sucking Dick

Kohlberg

Moral Development

0-9 → Preconventional Morality

• Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment

• Stage 2: Self-interest

Adolescence to Adulthood → Conventional Morality

• Stage 3: Conformity

• Stage 4: Law and Order

Some adult, rare → Postconventional

• Stage 5: Social Contract

• Stage 6: Universal Principles

Good Mnemonic: Orange Sun Cast Light on Sunny Umbrellas

Vygotsky

Sociocultural Theory

The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)

• Learning something from a more knowledgeable person

The Zone Proximal Development (ZPD)

• stage between being taught and learning how to do something yourself

Role of Language and Thought

• how adults transmit information to children so they can learn

Attachment Theory

4 Types

Secure Attachment

• Individuals form healthy relationships, regulate emotions well, and seek help when needed.

Preoccupied Attachment

• Characterized by dependency and fear of abandonment. These individuals may constantly seek reassurance.

Dismissive Attachment

• People who appear emotionally detached and avoid closeness.

Fearful Attachment

• These individuals want closeness but fear it due to past trauma or rejection

Wernicke vs Broca’s Area

Wernicke (temporal lobe): language comprehension

Broca’s Area (frontal lobe): speech production