Mock Registry Review #1

Flashcards for radiology registry review covering skeletal anatomy, positioning, physiology, contrast media, and pharmacology.

appendicular skeleton

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton

$$126$$

axial skeleton

the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs

how many bones are in the axial skeleton

$$80$$

where would the gallbladder and stomach be located in an asthenic patient

down and in

where would the gallbladder and stomach be located in an hypersthenic patient

up and out

AP oblique = a _________ (posterior/anterior) oblique

posterior

trendelenberg position

Lying down with the feet elevated higher than the head

fowler position

laying down feet lower than head

lordosis

concave curvature (swayback), most commonly seen in the lumbar

kyphosis

convex curvature (hunchback), most commonly seen in thoracic

ulnar deviation/ ulnar flexion

• Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side - also called stetchers view - done for scaphoid

radial deviation/ radial flexion

abduction movement at wrist of thumb side of hand toward forearm

where is the vertebra prominens

C7

Where is the jugular notch

t2-3

Where is the xiphoid process located?

T9-T10

where is the inferior rib margin

L2

where is the umbilicus

L3-L4

where is the iliac crest

L4-L5

where is the ASIS

S1-S2

where is the symphysis pubis

1 inch inferior to the coccyx

where is the CR for a hand projection

3rd MCP joint

What is the ball catcher view done for

rheumatoid arthritis

wrist bones w/ other names

hamate= unciform capitate= os magnum trapezoid= lesser multangular trapezium= greater multangular triquetrum lunate= semi lunar scaphoid= navicular pisiform

the gaynor hart view is done for _________

carpal tunnel

what view demonstrates the pisiform the best

AP obl medial rotation

What degree obliques are done for elbows

$$45$$

What does the external obl elbow demonstrate

radial head/neck and capitulum

What does the internal obl elbow demonstrate

coronoid process

What should you see on a lateral projection of the elbow

olecranon process and 3 concentric arcs

The radius goes with the _________ (capitulum/trochlea)

capitulum

The external shoulder projection shows what

the greater tubercule in profile laterally, epicondyles parallel to IR

What does the grashey method show

glenoid cavity free of superimposition

how much is the pt rotated for an AP obl Y view projection? PA?

AP= 45-60 PA= 30

What degree tube angle is used for the feet and toes?

$10$ degrees towards the heel

bones of the foot

tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

What view of the foot shows the longitudinal arch

weight bearing projection

What is the tube angle for a plantodorsal (axial calcaneus) view

$40$ degrees cephalic

What is the degree of obliquity for a mortise ankle view? regular?

mortise= 15-20 regular= 45

what is the tube angle for a lateral knee

$5-7$ degrees cephalad

What are tunnel views also called

intercondlyar fossa views

what does the medial oblique knee demonstrate

fibular head and neck

The sunrise view for the knee is also called _______

tangential

how much do you rotate the leg internally for an AP femur/pelvis

$15-20$ degree

Where is the CR for a pelvis

midway between ASIS and symphysis pubis

What is the other name for the frog leg pelvis/hip?

cleaves method

Where is the CR for the frog leg pelvis

3" down from ASIS, Midsagittal plane

What is the axiolateral hip also called? modified axiolateral?

axiolateral= Dan-miller modified axiolateral= Clements Nakayama

Where is the CR for the hip

at femoral neck

When doing a chest decubitus what side will be up? side down?

side up= air side side down= fluid side

What degree rotation shows the heart best for the chest?

$60$ degree LAO

What must you include for a soft tissue neck?

nasopharynx to C7

What SID is used for a lateral soft tissue neck ? AP?

lateral= 72" AP= 40"

What are the breathing instructions for ribs above the diaphragm? below?

above= inspiration below= expiration

What are the breathing instruction for an RAO sternum?

normal breathing

What degree obliquity is done for a hypersthenic pt for an RAO sternum? asthenic?

hypersthenic= 15 asthenic= 20

What is the breathing for an abdomen x-ray

expiration

Upright abdomens must include the __________

diaphragm

What side is down for a decubitus abdomen (left/right)

left

What do Vitals Measure?

Temperature, Pulse, Respirations, Blood Pressure, Oxygen Saturation

Normal Temperature for Adult?

$$98.6\,^{\circ}F$$

Normal Temperature for Infant?

$$99\,^{\circ}F$$

What is it called when your Temperature is above 99.5 F?

Hyperthermia

What is it called when your Temperature is below 97.6 F?

Hypothermia

How is Pulse Determined?

By counting for $30\,s$ and multiplying by $2$

How long should you count for an Irregular Pulse?

$$60\,s$$

Common Pulse Points:

Central: Carotid (Neck), Femoral (Inner Thigh), Peripheral, Radial (Wrist), Brachial (Children; Inner Arm), Dorsalis (Infants; Inner Ankle)

Normal Pulse Rate:

Adult- 60-100/min, Child- 70-120, Infant- 120-150

Tachycardia in an Adult:

Pulse rate that exceeds $100\,BPM$

Bradycardia in an Adult:

Pulse rates that are below $60\,BPM$ (Tom Brady is slow)

A Respiration

One inhale and one exhale

Determining Respiration

Counting for $30\,s$ and multiplying by $2$

Normal Respirations

Adult- 12-20/min Child- 20-30/min Infant- 30-60/min

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing

Apnea

Lack of respiration

Systolic

The pressure when the heart is pumping

Diastolic

Pressure when heart is at rest (120/80)

Taking Blood Pressure

-Patient sitting -Upper arm hoses pointing down -Inflate just past 160 mm Hg -Stethoscope over brachial artery -Deflate -Note first and last sounds -Record as systolic/diastolic

Normal Systolic Pressure

$$95-140\,mm\,Hg$$

Normal Diastolic Pressure

$$60-90\,mm\,Hg$$

Hypertension

High blood pressure (140/90)

Hypotension

Low blood pressure (90/60)

What is the normal oxygen saturation level?

$$95-100\%$$

What does the term 'Hypoxemia' refer to?

Low oxygen levels in the blood

Define 'Orthopnea'.

Shortness of breath when lying flat

What is the term for difficulty breathing when lying down?

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

What is the normal oxygen saturation level in a patient with COPD?

$$88-92\%$$

tomography

Radiographic technique that is designed to bring into focus only that anatomy lying in the plane of interest while blurring structures on either side of the plane

An object placed in the _______ will appear sharp

Fulcrum

What is a fulcrum?

Plane of pivot

Greater

The greater the distance from the fulcrum, the _________ the blurring

Tomographic amplitude

total distance the tube travels

As the tomographic amplitude increases….

blur increases in direct proportion

Exposure Amplitude

Total distance the tube travels during the exposure

Gross man principle

Fulcrum is fixed and the patient is moved

planigraphic principle

the fulcrum is adjustable while the patient remains stationary (most common)

section interval

distance between fulcrum levels

The section interval causes _____

Gaps

7 tube movements in Tomo

1. Linear 2. Curvilinear 3. Circular 4. Elliptical 5. Figure 8 6. Trispiral 7. Hypocycloidal

zonography

• exp amplitude less than 10 degrees (usually 1-5 degrees) - large slice thickness - used to locate lesions