Cell Structure and Types

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to cell structure, types of cells, and their functions.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus; DNA is located in the nucleoid region.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells that contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus.

LUCA

Last Universal Common Ancestor, believed to be around 3.5 billion years ago.

Cell Membrane

Semi-permeable membrane that separates the internal and external environments of a cell.

Ribosomes

Organelles that are the site of protein synthesis; in prokaryotes, they are referred to as 70s ribosomes.

Rough ER

has ribosomes to make proteins to leave cell (via vesicle)

Golgi Apparatus

Cell organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or for use within the cell.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that provides structural support to the cell and aids in cellular movement.

Chloroplast

Organelles in plant cells that capture light energy for photosynthesis.

Mitochondria

Organelles responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration.

Cell Wall

Rigid structure surrounding the cell membrane in plant cells, made of cellulose.

Plasmodesmata

Microscopic channels in plant cell walls allowing for exchange of materials between cells.

Vacuole

Storage organelle in cells; large in plant cells for holding water and nutrients.

Nucleus

Membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA).

Smooth ER

makes lipids/steroids, detoxifies cells (liver), Ca2+ storage