ANTHRO 105 Exam Notes

Human behavior

________ is influenced by cultural living, not biology.

DEDUCTION

________- reverse of inductive; goes from the general back to the specific by making predictions.

Charles Darwin

________: Observed and collected data to see how individual populations varied, natural selection, evolutionary change, The Descent of Man, On the Origin of Species, applied theory to humans.

Chimps

________ live in a hierarchy which "cliques "and "systematic conflict "and "communities.

Artifact

________: object that has been consciously manufactured.

Primatology

________ (study of primates): understand how different primates have adapted.

Tropanini

________ was the last of the Tasmanians and her skeleton was hung as an example of "primitive anatomy.

Franz Boas

________, an early anthropologist, celebrated the humanist approach.

Linguistic Anthropology

________: studies characteristics of human language, relationships between languages, and the cultures that speak them.

THEORY

________- general idea that explains a large set of factual patterns.

Tasmania

________ was settled as a colony.

Anthropology

________ is holistic in that it searches for interrelationships among its own parts (physical anthro might pull from archaeology) and will pull from outside fields (different disciplines might aid ________)

Culture

________: ideas and behaviors that are learned and transmitted.

Goodall

________ has developed relationships with the Chimps but recognizes they are NOT her family.

Ethnology

________: analyzing /comparing human cultures and ethnicities.

equilibrium

Punctuated ________- contradicts uniformitarianism.

Jean Baptist de Lamarch

________: all living things are adapted and must change overtime to survive (plants and animals)

Mortality

________ is a common theme across cultures.

Fission

________: splitting up of a population to form new populations.

Niche

________: environment of an organism and its adaptive response to that environment.

Ecology

________: studies the habitats of living things.

Gregor Mendel

________: Described basic laws of inheritance with pea plants.

Strata

________: layers of rock and soil under Earths surface.

Evolutionary Change

________ is based on reproductive success.

Ethnography

________: a scientific description of human cultures.

INDUCTION

________- general explanation based on specific observations.

Fossils

________: Fragmentary remains of bones and living materials preserved from earlier periods.

Tasmanian Aboriginal genocide

________ is the worst genocide in written history.

Cultural Relativism

________: the belief that all cultures are equal and valid and that we should not judge by our own beliefs.

Paleontology

________: the study of past life using fossil remains and their geological context.

Mutations

________: any spontaneous change /error in the genetic code.

Gene Flow

________: Process whereby genes pass from one population to another through mating and reproduction.

Gene Pool

________: all the genes in a population.

Genetic Drift

________: Distributes genetic variation.

Artifacts

________ are material culture.

Human behavior

________ is learned and culturally patterned.

Goodall

________ drew lines between people and chimps.

Fossils

________ are natural and were previously living.

Anthropology

________ is the study of humankind.

ASSIGNMENTS

A series of critical thinking mandatory assignments will be given for various reading/video assignments

PARAGRAPH REQUIREMENT

ALL WRITTEN ASSIGNMENTS REQUIRE a minimum of a one paragraph answer to each question (unless it is a fill in the blank question or specified otherwise)

SPACING/FORMATTING REQUIREMENTS

a) One-inch margins b) 10-12-point font c) Single spaced

Anthropology

Physical Anthropology and Human Origins 8/25/22

Scientific

knowledge (not indisputable fact, it is subject to change when more data comes along)

Ethnocentrism

the tendency to judge others by our own standards and values

Cultural Relativism

the belief that all cultures are equal and valid and that we should not judge by our own beliefs

Holistic

searches for interrelationships of subject

Physical anthropology

studies humans as a biological species

Species

group of organisms that can produce fertile offspring among themselves but not with members of other groups

Fossils

Fragmentary remains of bones and living materials preserved from earlier periods

Cultural Anthropology

focuses on human cultural behavior and cultural systems

Culture

ideas and behaviors that are learned and transmitted

Ethnology

analyzing/comparing human cultures and ethnicities

Ethnography

a scientific description of human cultures

Field Work

going out to do research

Ex

Mead in Samoa

Linguistic Anthropology

studies characteristics of human language, relationships between languages, and the cultures that speak them

Archaeology

studies the human cultural past and "attempts" the reconstruction of past cultural systems

Artifact

object that has been consciously manufactured

Ex

knife used by the Sioux

Topic/Purpose

what is the topic/purpose of the video/article

Assumptions

What is an assumption that the video/article makes

Gaps and Absences

Can you think of kinds of evidence, arguments, or interpretations that seem missing or even avoided

Authority

Do the authors explore alternative possibilities and interpretation that stimulate further debate and analysis

Personal

What is your personal reaction to the video/article

Question 4

Does the author/creator acknowledge or explore alternative explanations

Quadraped

4-legged walker

Biped

2-legged walker

Dating techniques are tentative ("stone tools by about 800,000 years)

chronological

Australopithecus afarensis

"Lucy"

There are major assumptions being used with very little evidence

I have an issue with this

Video starts off with allusions to Darwins THEORY

"a wilder version of ourselves"

Before Jane began her study, there had only been one other study of Chimps (which lasted 2 months

lacks credibility)

INDUCTION

general explanation based on specific observations

DEDUCTION

reverse of inductive; goes from the general back to the specific by making predictions

We look for

repetition, universality, explanations for exceptions, new data

THEORY

general idea that explains a large set of factual patterns

Primates

Humans, Apes, Monkeys

Class

Mammalia

Primatology (study of primates)

understand how different primates have adapted

Carolus Linnaeus

developed taxonomy

Taxonomy

classification system

Paleontology

the study of past life using fossil remains and their geological context

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

"Lamarcks Will"

Punctuated equilibrium

contradicts uniformitarianism

Jean Baptist de Lamarch

all living things are adapted and must change overtime to survive (plants and animals)

Charles Darwin

Observed and collected data to see how individual populations varied, natural selection, evolutionary change, The Descent of Man, On the Origin of Species, applied theory to humans

Gregor Mendel

Described basic laws of inheritance with pea plants

Hugo de Vries

explained rare variations, mutations

Mutations

any spontaneous change/error in the genetic code

Example

sickle cell anemia

Ecology

studies the habitats of living things

Niche

environment of an organism and its adaptive response to that environment

Habitat

place occupied by a species

Gene Pool

all the genes in a population

Strata

layers of rock and soil under Earths surface

Gene Flow

Process whereby genes pass from one population to another through mating and reproduction

Genetic Drift

Distributes genetic variation

Fission

splitting up of a population to form new populations