Introduction to the Integumentary System and Skin Layers

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the integumentary system, including the layers of the skin, their functions, and some common skin conditions.

Integumentary System

The body's system that includes the skin and accessory structures such as hair, nails, and glands.

Epidermis

The outermost layer of skin that lacks blood vessels and consists mainly of keratinocytes.

Dermis

The layer of skin beneath the epidermis that contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue.

Subcutaneous Layer (Sub Q)

The deepest layer of skin that serves as an interface between the dermis and underlying musculature, containing fat and larger blood vessels.

Keratinocytes

The primary cells found in the epidermis that produce keratin, a strong protein contributing to the skin's protective barrier.

Melanocytes

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, which gives skin its color and protects against UV radiation.

Stratum Basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis containing stem cells that divide to form new skin cells.

Stratum Spinosum

A layer of the epidermis above the stratum basale characterized by keratinocytes beginning to flatten and produce keratin.

Stratum Granulosum

A layer of the epidermis where keratinocytes produce keratin and lipids to form a water barrier.

Stratum Corneum

The outermost layer of the epidermis made up of dead cells that are constantly shed and replaced.

Skin Cancer

A common type of cancer that arises from skin cells, typically classified as cutaneous carcinomas or melanomas.

Sun Protection Factor (SPF)

A measure of how well a sunscreen protects the skin from UV radiation.

Langerhans Cells

Specialized immune cells in the epidermis that help detect pathogens.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death, which occurs in keratinocytes as they move from the lower layers of the epidermis to the outermost layer.

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen in the blood.

Jaundice

A yellowing of the skin and eyes caused by excess bilirubin, often indicating liver issues.

Erythema

Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow, often resulting from inflammation.

Psoriasis

An autoimmune condition characterized by rapid skin cell division resulting in flaky, scaly patches.

Albinism

A genetic disorder where individuals have little to no melanin production, leading to very light skin.

Vitamin D Synthesis

The process by which skin produces vitamin D through UV radiation exposure from the sun.