Histology of Bone Tissue and Muscular System

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the histology of bone tissue and muscular system, including definitions, functions, and structural details important for understanding the material.

Histology

The study of the microscopic structure of tissues.

Osteoclast

A type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.

Compact Bone

Dense and strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone.

Spongy Bone

Lightweight bone found inside bones, characterized by a porous structure.

Bone Remodeling

The process of bone renewal through resorption and formation.

Calcium Homeostasis

The regulation of calcium concentrations in the blood.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by weak and brittle bones due to loss of bone density.

Epiphyseal Plate

Growth plate in long bones where lengthwise growth occurs.

Syndesmosis

A type of fibrous joint connected by ligaments.

Meniscus

A cartilage structure that provides cushioning in synovial joints.

Neuromuscular Junction

The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber.

Triad

A structure in muscle fibers composed of a transverse tubule and two terminal cisternae.

Muscle Atrophy

The wasting away or decrease in size of muscle tissue.

Fast Twitch Fibers

Muscle fibers that are adapted for quick, powerful contractions but fatigue quickly.

Slow Twitch Fibers

Muscle fibers that are more resistant to fatigue and used for endurance activities.

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

An organelle in muscle cells that stores calcium ions.

Intercalated Discs

Specialized connections between cardiac muscle cells that allow for synchronized contractions.

Obturator Foramen

A large opening in the pelvic bone that allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels.

Pubic Symphysis

A cartilaginous joint located between the left and right pubic bones.

Tendons

Connective tissues that attach muscles to bones.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction.

Tropomyosin

A protein that blocks the binding sites on actin filaments in muscle fibers.

Action Potential

An electrical signal that initiates muscle contraction.

Bone Fracture Repair

The process through which a broken bone heals, typically involving hematoma formation, callus formation, and consolidation.

Cartilaginous Joint

A type of joint where the bones are connected by cartilage.