Social Studies 10-1 Review (Version One)

GLOBALIZATION

The process by which the world becomes increasingly interconnected through trade, technology, communication, and cultural exchange, creating systems where events in one region influence others globally.

GLOBALIZATION DRIVERS

The technologies and systems (internet, transport, media, trade networks, corporations) that accelerate global interaction and interdependence.

MEDIA GLOBALIZATION

The global spread of information, ideas, and culture through digital and broadcast media, shaping identities and cultural expectations across countries.

INTERCONNECTEDNESS

A condition where countries and societies are linked so that economic, cultural, and political changes in one place affect others.

INDIVIDUAL IDENTITY

The unique combination of personal traits, values, beliefs, and experiences that shape how a person understands themselves within society.

COLLECTIVE IDENTITY

A shared sense of belonging formed through common language, history, culture, and values within a group.

IDENTITY FORMATION SYSTEM

The ongoing process where individual and collective identities are shaped through family, education, media, culture, and globalization forces.

PLURALISTIC SOCIETY

A social system where multiple cultural groups coexist while maintaining distinct identities and participating equally in society.

CANADIAN MULTICULTURAL STRUCTURE

A national framework that supports cultural diversity by encouraging the preservation of different identities within a unified political system.

CULTURAL CONTACT

The interaction between cultures through trade, migration, communication, or globalization, which leads to exchange and transformation of cultural elements.

CULTURAL EXCHANGE SYSTEM

The broader process where ideas, technologies, and practices move between societies through contact and globalization networks.

CULTURAL BORROWING

The adoption of cultural elements from another group, often leading to adaptation or blending within the receiving culture.

CULTURAL APPROPRIATION

A power-imbalanced form of cultural borrowing where elements of a marginalized culture are used without respect, context, or permission.

CULTURAL HOMOGENIZATION

The process where globalization reduces cultural diversity as societies adopt similar products, lifestyles, and values.

GLOBAL CULTURAL STANDARDIZATION

The system-level trend where global brands, media, and technologies create increasingly uniform cultural experiences.

CULTURAL IMPERIALISM

The dominance of one culture over others through media, economics, or political influence, shaping global norms and values.

ASSIMILATION

A process where a minority group gradually adopts the dominant culture, often resulting in the loss of original cultural identity.

VOLUNTARY ASSIMILATION

Cultural change that occurs when individuals or groups willingly adopt another culture for opportunity, integration, or preference.

FORCED ASSIMILATION

Cultural change imposed through policies or institutions that pressure or require groups to abandon their original identity.

MARGINALIZATION

A structural process where certain groups are pushed to the social, economic, or political edges of society, limiting access to power and opportunity.

MULTICULTURALISM

A system of governance and social organization where multiple cultural identities are recognized and supported within one society.

ASSIMILATION VS MULTICULTURALISM

Two contrasting systems: assimilation reduces cultural diversity into one dominant culture, while multiculturalism maintains multiple coexisting identities.

OFFICIAL BILINGUALISM (CANADA)

A policy system where English and French are recognized as official languages for federal services and institutions.

LANGUAGE RIGHTS SYSTEM

The legal framework ensuring individuals can access government services and courts in designated official languages.

NEW BRUNSWICK BILINGUALISM

The only Canadian province where both English and French are officially recognized at the provincial level.

TRANSLATION AND ACCESS SYSTEMS

Government and institutional structures that ensure communication across official languages in public services.

TRANSNATIONAL CORPORATION (TNC)

A company that operates production, services, and supply chains across multiple countries within the global economy.

GLOBAL CORPORATE NETWORKS

Systems where corporations coordinate production, labor, and resources across international borders to maximize efficiency and profit.

ADVANTAGES OF TNCs

Economic benefits such as job creation, foreign investment, and technology transfer between countries.

DISADVANTAGES OF TNCs

Systemic issues including environmental harm, labor exploitation, and political influence over weaker governments.

OUTSOURCING

A business strategy where companies contract external organizations, often in other countries, to perform specific tasks or services.

GLOBAL LABOR DIVISION

The global system where production tasks are distributed across countries based on cost, expertise, and efficiency.

OUTSOURCING BENEFITS

Reduced costs and access to specialized skills within global production networks.

OUTSOURCING DRAWBACKS

Job displacement in home countries and reduced oversight over production quality and working conditions.

STANDARD OF LIVING

A measure of material wealth including income, housing quality, and access to goods and services.

QUALITY OF LIFE

A broader measure of well-being including health, education, safety, environment, and personal freedom.

SOCIOECONOMIC WELL-BEING MODEL

A framework comparing material wealth (standard of living) with overall life satisfaction (quality of life).

HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM

A global framework established by the United Nations to define and protect fundamental rights and freedoms for all people.

UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

A foundational international document establishing universal standards for dignity, equality, and freedom.

WOMEN’S RIGHTS SYSTEM

Global and national movements addressing gender inequality in education, employment, political participation, and safety.

CHILDREN’S RIGHTS FRAMEWORK

International standards ensuring protection, education, healthcare, and safety for children.

WORKERS’ RIGHTS SYSTEM

The structure of laws, policies, and corporate responsibilities that regulate fair treatment, wages, and working conditions.

SHARED RESPONSIBILITY MODEL (WORKERS)

The idea that both governments and corporations are responsible for protecting workers’ rights and enforcing fair labor conditions.

FREE TRADE SYSTEM

An international economic system where countries reduce barriers like tariffs and quotas to increase trade flow.

BENEFITS OF FREE TRADE

Economic efficiency, lower consumer prices, increased market access, and greater global specialization.

COSTS OF FREE TRADE

Domestic job losses, industry decline in weaker economies, and increased dependence on global markets.

PROTECTIONISM

Government policies designed to restrict imports and protect domestic industries through tariffs, quotas, or regulations.

TRADE LIBERALIZATION

The process of reducing trade restrictions to encourage freer global exchange of goods and services.

CAPITALISM

An economic system based on private ownership, competition, and profit-driven markets.

FREE MARKET MECHANISM

The system where supply and demand determine prices with limited government intervention.

HAYEK ECONOMIC THEORY

A belief that free markets self-regulate efficiently and government intervention should be minimal.

KEYNES ECONOMIC THEORY

A belief that governments must intervene during economic downturns to stabilize the economy through spending and policy.

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO)

A global institution that regulates international trade rules and resolves trade disputes between countries.

USMCA (FORMERLY NAFTA)

A trade agreement between Canada, the United States, and Mexico that regulates trade and investment between the three economies.

OPEC

An organization of oil-producing countries that coordinates production levels to influence global oil prices.

APEC

A regional economic forum that promotes trade cooperation and economic growth across Asia-Pacific countries.

EUROPEAN UNION (EU)

A political and economic union that integrates member countries through shared laws, trade systems, and policies.

SILK ROAD SYSTEM

An ancient trade network connecting Asia, Europe, and Africa that enabled exchange of goods, culture, and ideas.

MERCANTILISM

A historical economic system where colonies exist primarily to benefit the wealth and power of the mother country.

IMPERIALISM

A system where powerful countries extend control over weaker regions through political, economic, or military dominance.

COLONY SYSTEM

A territorial system where one country governs and exploits another region for resources and strategic advantage.

MOTHER COUNTRY

The dominant nation that controls and benefits from its colonies.

EUROCENTRISM

A worldview that interprets global history and culture primarily through European perspectives and values.

WHITE MAN’S BURDEN

A historical ideology claiming Europeans had a duty to “civilize” non-European societies.

ETHNOCENTRISM

The belief that one’s own culture is superior and should be the standard for judging others.

INDIGENOUS GLOBALIZATION IMPACT SYSTEM

The set of social, political, and economic pressures affecting Indigenous peoples through land loss, cultural disruption, and resource development.

INDIAN ACT SYSTEM

Canadian legislation that historically controlled many aspects of Indigenous governance, identity, and rights.

RESIDENTIAL SCHOOL SYSTEM

A government and church-run system designed to forcibly assimilate Indigenous children into European-Canadian culture.

NUMBERED TREATY SYSTEMS

Agreements between Indigenous nations and the Canadian government that define land rights and responsibilities.

PASS SYSTEM

A restrictive policy that limited Indigenous movement off reserves without government permission.

SIXTIES SCOOP

A child welfare system practice that removed Indigenous children from families and placed them into non-Indigenous care systems.

INUIT RELOCATION POLICY

Government-led forced relocation of Inuit communities, often disrupting traditional lifestyles and survival systems.

MISSING AND MURDERED INDIGENOUS WOMEN CRISIS

A systemic issue involving disproportionately high levels of violence against Indigenous women linked to historical and ongoing colonial structures.