Apush Period 7B vocabulary

Red Scare

A period of intense fear of communism and radical political ideas in the United States.

Palmer Raids

A series of government actions in 1919-1920 to arrest and deport radical leftists, particularly anarchists and communists.

Assembly Line

A production process that breaks down manufacturing into a series of steps, greatly increasing efficiency.

Economic Prosperity

A state of flourishing or thriving in the economy, typically characterized by high levels of employment and resource utilization.

Modernists vs. Traditionalism

A cultural conflict between progressives who embraced new ideas and technologies and conservatives who favored established norms.

Scopes Trial

A 1925 legal case that debated the teaching of evolution in schools, representing the clash between modernist and traditionalist views.

Sacco and Vanzetti

Italian immigrants and anarchists who were controversially convicted of murder in the 1920s, sparking international protests regarding their trial.

18th Amendment

An amendment to the United States Constitution that established the prohibition of alcohol.

Lost Generation

A group of American writers in the 1920s who were disillusioned by the aftermath of World War I.

Harlem Renaissance

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion centered in Harlem during the 1920s, marked by a flourishing of African American culture.

Teapot Dome

A bribery scandal involving the secret leasing of oil reserves by the Secretary of the Interior in the 1920s.

Black Tuesday

The day (October 29, 1929) the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of the Great Depression.

Overproduction

A situation where the supply of goods exceeds demand, often leading to economic decline.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff

A tariff enacted in 1930 that raised duties on imports, worsening the Great Depression.

Bonus March

A 1932 protest by World War I veterans demanding cash payment for their service bonuses.

New Deal

A series of programs and policies implemented by Franklin D. Roosevelt to help the U.S. recover from the Great Depression.

Fireside Chats

A series of radio addresses by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to communicate with the American public.

Public Works Administration

A New Deal agency that administered the construction of large public works projects to stimulate the economy.

Emergency Banking Relief Act

A 1933 act aimed at stabilizing the banking system by reopening solvent banks.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

An agency that provides insurance to depositors in U.S. banks to maintain stability in the financial system.

Social Security Act

A 1935 act that established a system of old-age benefits and unemployment insurance.

Court Reorganization Plan (Court-packing)

A controversial plan by President Roosevelt to expand the Supreme Court to secure favorable rulings for New Deal legislation.

Dust Bowl

Severe drought and poor agricultural practices during the 1930s that led to massive dust storms affecting the U.S. Great Plains.

Okies

Displaced farm families from the Dust Bowl who migrated to California in search of work and better living conditions.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

A 1928 international agreement that condemned war as a means of conflict resolution.

Reparations

Compensation that Germany was required to pay following World War I for war damages.

Dawes Plan

A 1924 plan that resolved World War I reparations by restructuring Germany's payment schedule.

Fascism

A far-right authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power and strong centralized control.

Isolationism

A foreign policy stance prominent in the 1920s and 1930s, advocating minimal involvement in international affairs.

Appeasement

The policy of making concessions to an aggressive power in order to avoid conflict, notably used prior to World War II.

Blitzkrieg

A military strategy used by Germany in World War II characterized by swift, surprise attacks.

Quarantine Speech

A speech by President Roosevelt in 1937 calling for international action against aggressor nations.

Lend-Lease Act

A 1941 law that allowed the U.S. to supply Allied nations with war material while remaining neutral.

Atlantic Charter

A policy statement in 1941 that defined the Allied goals for the post-war world.

Pearl Harbor

A U.S. naval base in Hawaii attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, prompting U.S. entry into World War II.

War Production Board

A U.S. government agency that coordinated war production during World War II.

Manhattan Project

A secret U.S. project aimed at developing atomic weapons during World War II.

Double V

A campaign for victory against fascism abroad and racial discrimination at home during World War II.

Braceros

Mexican laborers who were temporarily allowed to work in the U.S. during and after World War II.

Internment Camp

Detention camps where Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated during World War II.

Korematsu vs. United States

A landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the government's decision to intern Japanese Americans during World War II.

Rosie the Riveter

A cultural icon representing women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

The Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in Europe during World War II and later the 34th President of the U.S.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, marking a significant turn in World War II.

Holocaust

The genocide of six million Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime during World War II.

Battle of Midway

A critical naval battle in June 1942 that turned the tide in favor of the Allies in the Pacific theater.

Island Hopping

A military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific war to capture strategically important islands.

Kamikaze

Japanese suicide pilots who carried out attacks against Allied naval vessels during World War II.

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Japanese cities on which the U.S. dropped atomic bombs in August 1945, leading to Japan's surrender.

Yalta Conference

A meeting of Allied leaders in February 1945 to plan the post-war world.

United Nations

An intergovernmental organization established after World War II to promote international cooperation and peace.