Economy: Personnel Management, Marketing, International Trade & Belgian Law

Comprehensive flashcards covering Personnel Management, Marketing, International Trade, and the Belgian Legal System based on the summary document.

WiDE (Werkgever Identificatie Onlinedienst)

An online service used by an enterprise to identify itself to the RSZ as an employer, consisting of a secured and a non-secured part.

RSZ (Rijksdienst voor Sociale Zekerheid)

The Belgian social security institution that provides an identification number and category codes to registered employers.

Dimona (Onmiddellijke aangifte)

An immediate declaration for employment; includes 'Dimona in' for hiring/new periods and 'Dimona out' for terminating an employment contract.

INSZ-nummer

A unique identification number for physical persons in Belgian social security, identical to the Rijksregisternummer for residents.

Internal Prevention Service

A mandatory service within a company responsible for preventing workplace accidents and ensuring safe, healthy working conditions.

EDPBW (Externe Dienst voor Preventie en Bescherming op het Werk)

An external organization that performs specific safety and health prevention tasks; there are 10 recognized services in Belgium.

Arbeidsongeval

An accident that occurs at work or during the commute to and from work (arbeidsweg).

Fedris

The Federal Agency for Professional Risks that fines employers who fail to have workplace accident insurance.

Ergonomie

The practice of providing ergonomic materials and ensuring posture variation (alternating sitting and standing) to prevent neck, shoulder, and back pain.

Arbeider vs. Bediende (RSZ calculation)

For workers (arbeiders), social security (RSZ) is calculated on $108\%$ of the gross wage, whereas it is calculated differently for office staff (bedienden).

Fiscale fiche 281.10

A document received annually by workers before March 1st for tax declaration purposes, containing details like gross wage and withholding tax.

Loonsynthese

A monthly overview for the employer showing total labor costs, calculated as $Klasse\,6 + Klasse\,4$.

Marketing Mix (4 Ps)

The combination of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion used by a company to influence consumer purchasing behavior.

Marketing Mix (4 Cs)

The modern, customer-oriented approach involving Customer Value, Cost model, Convenience, and Communication.

Assortment Breadth

The number of different product categories offered by an enterprise.

Assortment Depth

The variety of different types or versions offered within a specific product category.

Pergepercipieerde kosten (Perceived costs)

Extra costs a customer must incur, such as effort or transport, to obtain a product.

AIDA(S)-model

A purchase process model representing Attention, Interest, Desire, Action, and Satisfaction.

Loyal Customer

A customer type that is loyal and accounts for more than $50\%$ of a company's turnover.

Rationele argumenten

Visible, technical arguments regarding a product, such as dimensions, power consumption, or price.

Intracommunautaire handel

International trade occurring between enterprises located within different EU member states.

Extracommunautaire handel

International trade involving enterprises located outside of the European Union.

Handelsbalans

A numerical overview of a country's total imports and exports, categorized as positive (more exports) or negative (more imports).

Protectionisme

Government measures, such as an invoercontingent (import quota), designed to protect the domestic market from foreign competition.

Outsourcing

The process of transferring part of a company's activities to another enterprise.

Offshoring

The practice of outsourcing business activities to an enterprise located in a foreign country.

Delokalisatie

Moving company activities to a foreign country while keeping them within the same enterprise.

Corebusiness (Kernactiviteit)

The central activity that an enterprise primarily focuses on according to its business plan.

Economic Integration Stages

The five phases: 1. Vrijhandelszone, 2. Douane-unie, 3. Gemeenschappelijke markt, 4. Economische unie, 5. EMU (Economic and Monetary Union).

EVA / EFTA (Europese Vrijhandelsassociatie)

A free trade zone consisting of Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Iceland.

EER (Europese Economische Ruimte)

The area comprising EU countries plus EFTA countries (excluding Switzerland) which applies the four freedoms.

WTO (World Trade Organization)

An intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva representing over $98\%$ of world trade, governing GATT, GATS, and TRIPS.

Vonnissen vs. Arresten

Decisions made by lower courts (Rechtbanken) are called vonnissen, while decisions by higher courts (Hoven) are called arresten.

Vredegerecht

The court closest to the citizen, handling minor disputes like rent issues, neighbor conflicts, and utility billing problems.

Politierechtbank

The court responsible for all traffic violations and appeals against GAS-fines or the Football Law.

Ondernemingsrechtbank

A specialized court that exclusively handles disputes between enterprises.

Hof van Cassatie

The highest legal authority that only reviews if lower judges applied the law correctly, without re-evaluating the facts.

Intermodaal transport

A form of multimodal transport where goods remain in the same loading unit (e.g., a sea container) during transfer.

RORO (Roll-on-Roll-off)

A loading method where rolling cargo (cars, trucks) is driven on and off a vessel by drivers.

CMR-Vrachtbrief

A mandatory document for international road transport that serves as proof of contract and a receipt for goods.

Expediteur

A logistics actor who organizes and coordinates the entire supply chain to move goods efficiently from point A to B.

Incoterms

International delivery terms (e.g., EXW, FOB, CIF, DAP, DDP) that define the obligations and risk transfer points between buyer and seller.

1 meter (Unit conversion)

$1\,meter$ is equal to $3.2808\,foot$ or $39.37\,inch$.

1 inch (Unit conversion)

$1\,inch$ is equal to $25.40\,mm$ or $2.54\,cm$.