speech/language

contents of language

form (the how), content (the what), use (the why)

language at 5-7 months

language-like sounds

language at 7-8 months

babble syllables

language at 12 months

single words, sentence-like streams

language at 18 months

strings of words

language at 24 months

sentences

language at 36 months

fluent sentences, conversational, has grammar

arguments for nature's role in language development

humans always acquire it, spontaneously generated, infants discriminate better than adults

argument for nuture's role in language development

babies learn the language they hear, isolation results in mutism, discrimination is lost by 10 months

traditional model of language

2 primary language processing regions, arcuate fasciculus shuttles info from wernicke's to broca's

function of wernicke's area

bringing in auditory and visual info (comprehension)

function of broca's area

language production

location of broca's aphasia

left inferior frontal gyrus, frontal lobe, premotor and primary motor cortices

other terms for broca's aphasia

expressive, motor

signs of broca's aphasia

labored, slow, no articulation, lacking function words and grammar, maintenance of comprehension

location of wernicke's aphasia

left middle temporal gyrus, posterior/superior temporal lobe, auditory association areas, superior gyrus

other terms for wernicke's aphasia

receptive, sensory

signs of wernicke's aphasia

rich expressive language, lacking in content, impaired language comprehension

current view of language

areas do not purely do one thing, arcuate fasciculus is bidirectional, distributed network of brain regions involved

conduction aphasia

persevered spontaneous speech but impaired responsive and repetition

sensory transcortical aphasia

like wernicke's, nonsensical fluent speech

motor transcortical aphasia

like broca's, reduced slow speech

global aphasia

damage to multiple areas in the left hemisphere

right hemisphere role in language

prosody (stress, timing, intonation) and pragmatics

alexia

impaired reading

agraphia

impaired writing