Cambridge IGCSE Physical Education Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering Anatomy and Physiology, Health and Fitness, Skill Acquisition, and Social Influences based on the IGCSE Physical Education syllabus.

The four functions of the skeleton include shape and support, muscle attachment for movement, protection, and __________.

red blood cell production

Bones such as the cranium and ribs are classified as __________ bones.

flat

Freely movable joints are also known as __________ joints.

synovial

The five main components of a synovial joint structure are the synovial membrane, synovial fluid, joint (fibrous) capsule, cartilage, and __________.

ligaments

The muscle located at the back of the lower leg is the __________.

gastrocnemius

Muscle contractions are classified as __________ (concentric or eccentric) or isometric.

isotonic

Muscle fibres are categorized into slow and fast twitch based on force created, fatigue tolerance, and __________ energy supply.

aerobic/anaerobic

The pathway of air involves the mouth/nasal passage, trachea, bronchi, __________, and finally the alveoli.

bronchioles

The four components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and __________.

platelets

Cardiac output is calculated using the formula: __________.

$$\text{cardiac output} = \text{stroke volume} \times \text{heart rate}$$

The equation for aerobic respiration is: __________.

$$glucose + oxygen \rightarrow carbon dioxide + water$$

The equation for anaerobic respiration is: __________.

$$glucose \rightarrow lactic acid$$

The long-term effect of exercise where the resting pulse rate decreases is known as __________.

bradycardia

In biomechanics, the formula for force is: __________.

$$force = mass \times acceleration$$

The health-related component of fitness tested using the Sit and Reach Test is __________.

flexibility

The skill-related component of fitness tested using the Illinois Agility Test is __________.

agility

The principles of training are represented by the acronym SPORT, which stands for Specificity, Progression, Overload, __________, and Tedium.

Reversibility

The principles of overload are represented by the acronym FITT, which stands for Frequency, Intensity, __________, and Type.

Time

Specialist training at high altitude is used to increase a performer's __________.

red blood cell count

The four stages of the basic information processing model are input, decision-making, __________, and feedback.

output

Performers at the __________ stage of learning are characterized by making more use of intrinsic feedback and knowledge of performance.

autonomous

SMARTER targets in goal setting stand for Specific, Measurable, Agreed, Realistic, Time-phased, __________, and Recorded.

Exciting

The Inverted-U theory of arousal is also known as the __________.

Yerkes-Dodson law

Personality types are generally classified into two categories: introvert and __________.

extrovert

The sports development pyramid consists of four levels: foundation, participation, performance, and __________.

elite

Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) used specifically to increase muscle mass are called __________.

anabolic steroids

Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) used to reduce anxiety are called __________.

beta blockers

The method used for treating bruises, muscle, tendon, and ligament injuries is the __________ method.

RICE