bones anatomy

Cranial Bones

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones that protect the brain.

Sutures of the skull

Joints between cranial bones, including coronal, sagittal, lambdoidal, and squamosal sutures.

Foramen Magnum

Large opening in the occipital bone allowing the spinal cord to connect with the brain.

True ribs

Ribs 1-7 that attach directly to the sternum.

False ribs

Ribs 8-12 that do not attach directly to the sternum.

Floating ribs

Ribs 11 and 12 that do not attach to the sternum or cartilage.

Pelvic Brim

The boundary between the greater pelvis and lesser pelvis.

Intermembranous ossification

Process by which some flat bones develop from fibrous connective tissue.

Endochondral ossification

Process where cartilage is replaced by bone, forming many long bones.

Wolff's law

Principle stating that bone adapts to the loads under which it is placed.

Osteogenesis

The process of bone formation.

Spongy Bone

Internal layer of bone that is less dense and contains red marrow.

Compact Bone

Dense outer layer of bone, providing strength and support.

Central Canal

Core of each osteon containing blood vessels and nerves.

Bone Remodeling

The dynamic process where bone is continually replaced through deposition and resorption.

Calcium Homeostasis

The regulation of calcium levels in the blood, influenced by hormones like parathyroid hormone.

Osteoblasts

Bone cells responsible for bone formation.

Osteoclasts

Bone cells that break down bone tissue during resorption.

Mandible

The lower jawbone that supports the lower teeth.

Articular Cartilage

Smooth tissue covering the ends of bones at joints, reducing friction.

Epiphyseal Plate

Hyaline cartilage growth plate allowing for longitudinal bone growth during childhood.

Acetabulum

The socket of the hip joint that receives the head of the femur.

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Tissue type that forms the outer layer during the intermembranous ossification process.