BSC2010 module 2 chapters 4 and 5 irsc

When a cell engulfs a foreign particle, the process is known as

endosymbiosis

pinocytosis

membrane synthesis

hydrolysis

phagocytosis

phaygocytosis

In humans, _____ are used to move a cell within its environment while _____ are used to move the environment relative to the cell.

flagella; cilia

cilia; pseudopodia

microtubules; flagella

microfilaments; microtubules

flagella; cilia

Which of the following is most likely to have the greatest concentration of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

a cell that secretes enzymes

a cell that destroys pathogens

a cell that does photosynthesis

a cell that makes steroid hormones

a cell that makes steroid hormones

Which of the following is not part of the structure of a chloroplast?

matrix

thylakoid

stroma

outer membrane

matrix

The __________ is the basic unit of life.

organ

cell

tissue

organism

cell

Which of the following organisms is a prokaryote?

amoeba

fungus

E. coli

algae

influenza A virus

E. coli

Which of these is NOT found in all cells?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

DNA

ribosomes

plasma membrane

rough endoplasmic reticulum

An electron microscope is needed to view__________.

eukaryotic cells

chloroplasts

prokaryotic cells

molecules

molecules

Which of the following organelles relies on exocytosis to complete its functions?

Golgi apparatus

endoplasmic reticulum

vacuole

mitochondria

golgi appartus

The material known as _____ is characteristic of bacterial cell walls.

chitin

cellulose

peptidoglycan

fibronectin

peptidoglycan

The three membrane structures of a chloroplast are __________.

outer, inner, stroma

outer, cristae, thylakoid

outer, inner, cristae

outer, inner, and thylakoid

outer, inner, thylakoid

Tay-Sachs disease is a genetic disorder that results in destruction of neurons due to a buildup of sphingolipids in cells. Which organelle is malfunctioning in Tay-Sachs?

endoplasmic reticulum

lysosomes

peroxisome

mitochondria

lysosomes

Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondrian

Which type of cell junction is also known as a "communicating junction" in animal cells?

tight junction

gap junction

plasmodesmata

desmosome

gap junction

Chromatin is made of _____.

DNA and protein

protein and RNA

carbohydrate and DNA

DNA and RNA

DNA and protein

Animal cells are associated with __________, otherwise known as "ECM".

extrachemical membrane

electrochemical motion

electrocentral mass

extracellular matrix

extracellular matrix

Which of the following is surrounded by two phospholipid bilayers?

cytoplasm

vesicles

ribosome

nucleoplasm

nucleoplasm

Which of the following has a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules?

prokaryote flagellum

intermediate filament

pilus

cilium

cilium

The innermost part of the mitochondrion is the __________ .

cristae

thylakoid

matrix

stroma

matrix

Which of the following do NOT play a role in intracellular movement?

intermediate filaments and microtubules

microfilaments and intermediate filaments

only intermediate filaments

microfilaments and microtubules

only intermediate filaments

Which structure may be found in great numbers on the outer surface of a prokaryotic cell?

pili

cilia

chromosomes

ribosomes

pili

Cells cannot be very large because the __________ would be too great relative to the __________.

diameter; surface area

surface area; volume

volume; surface area

surface area; diameter

volume; surface area

Which of the following is not part of the structure of a mitochondrion?

inner membrane

matrix

cristae

stroma

stroma

Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis. What is an advantage of this entry strategy?

The virus directly enters the cytoplasm of the cell.

The virus is protected from recognition by white blood cells.

The virus only enters its target host cell type.

The virus can directly inject its genome into the cell's nucleus.

the virus only enters its target host cell type

Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?

protein

cholesterol

carbohydrate

phospholipid

protein

Active transport must function continuously because __________.

plasma membranes wear out

not all membranes are amphiphilic

facilitated transport opposes active transport

diffusion is constantly moving solutes in opposite directions

diffusion is constantly moving solutes in opposite directions

When a cell engulfs a foreign particle, the process is known as _____.

membrane synthesis

endosymbiosis

phagocytosis

hydrolysis

pinocytosis

phagocytosis

Active transport is powered by _____.

oxygen

water

ATP

a concentration gradient

ATP

Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells into a cell?

pinocytosis

phagocytosis

facilitated transport

primary active transport

phagocytosis

Which structure allows water to cross a membrane?

an antiporter

a porin

the sodium-potassium pump

a carrier protein

a porin

If the plasma membrane was a sandwich with two slices of bread, the filling would be the _____ part.

phosphate

polar

hydrophobic

hydrophilic

hydrophobic

What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after exocytosis?

It leaves the cell.

It is disassembled by the cell.

It fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane.

It is used again in another exocytosis event.

it fuses with and becomes part of the plasma membrane

The principal force driving movement in diffusion is the __________.

temperature

particle size

concentration gradient

membrane surface area

concentration gradient

What happens to a plant cell that is placed into hypertonic surroundings?

it undergoes plasmolysis

it swells but it does not burst

it undergoes cell division

it swells and bursts

it undergoes plasmolysis

In what important way does receptor-mediated endocytosis differ from phagocytosis?

It transports only small amounts of fluid.

It does not involve the pinching off of membrane.

It brings in only a specifically targeted substance.

It brings substances into the cell, while phagocytosis removes substances.

it brings in only a specifically targeted substance

What problem is faced by organisms that live in fresh water?

Their bodies tend to take in too much water.

They have no way of controlling their tonicity.

Only salt water poses problems for animals that live in it.

Their bodies tend to lose too much water to their environment.

Their bodies tend to take in too much water.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates attached to the exterior of cell membranes?

identification of the cell

flexibility of the membrane

strengthening the membrane

channels through membrane

identification of the cell

What is the combination of an electrical gradient and a concentration gradient called?

potential gradient

electrical potential

concentration potential

electrochemical gradient

electrochemical gradient

Which of the following organelles relies on exocytosis to complete its function?

Golgi apparatus

vacuole

mitochondria

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi apparatus

A patient receives an inravenous saline solution and then dies. An autopsy reveals the many red blood cells have burst. Which word describes the saline solution?

isotonic

hypotonic

osmotonic

hypertonic

hypotonic

Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes to the fluidity of the membrane?

its head

cholesterol

a saturated fatty acid tail

double bonds in the fatty acid tail

double bonds in the fatty acid tail

How does the sodium-potassium pump make the interior of the cell negatively charged?

by expelling anions

by pulling in anions

by expelling more cations than are taken in

by taking in and expelling an equal number of cations

by expelling more cations than are taken in

Imagine a cell can perform exocytosis, but only minimal endocytosis. What would happen to the cell?

The cell would secrete all its intracellular proteins.

The plasma membrane would increase in size over time.

The cell would stop expressing integral receptor proteins in its plasma membrane.

The cell would lyse.

The plasma membrane would increase in size over time.

In a glass of salty water, the water is the _____.

solution

solute

solvent

solvent

Water moves via osmosis _________.

throughout the cytoplasm

from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one

from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration

from an area with a low concentration of water to higher concentration

from an area with a high concentration of water to one of lower concentration