All Pt. 3

Gaultheria shallon

Frequently fuzzy, evergreen, leathery, 2-4” long, sharply and fine-toothed, white or pinkish, urn shaped flowers, reddish-blue to dark purple berries

Holodiscus discolor

Stems usually arch, alternate leaves, lobed or coarsely toothed, white to cream flowers. Look for dried flowers

Symphoricarpos albus

Erect, 1.5’-6’ tall, hairless fine twigs, opposite leaves, variable margins smooth to wavy toothed, pink to white flowers. Clusters of white, berry-like drupes. CLOSE LOOKALIKE

Ribes sanguineum

Unarmed, 3-9’ tall, 5 lobed leaves, lower surface paler and hairier, clusters of pink flowers, look for humming birds

Rubus ursinus

Trailing, curved, unflatten prickles, deciduous, 3 leaflets, white to pink flowers.

Rubus parviflorus

Unarmed, thornless stems, alternate, maple-leaf shaped 5-7 lobed, finely fuzzy on both sides.

Rubus spectabilis

Largely unarmed, twigs zig-zag, scattered prickles, golden brown, shedding, leaves make a butterfly.

Sambucus racemosa

Soft pithy twigs, warty bark, opposite leaves, divided into 5-7 leaflets, rounded or pyramidal parasol-like cluster of flowers, stinky when crushed

Philadelphus lewisii

Erect, opposite leaves, 3 distinct veins, short-stalked, oval to egg-shaped leaves, fruit oval, 4-chambered, woody capsules

Aruncus dioicus

3 times compound leaves. Sharply toothed and pointed. White tiny petals hang like a goats beard.

Acer palmatum

smooth gray, bright coral-red, or rough bark. opposite, palmately lobed, 5-7 lobes, lobes are deeply incised with irregular serrated leaf margins. small and inconspicuous reddish purple flowers. Features divergent winged seeds at 90 degrees.

Acer saccharum

Opposite and simple leaves, palmately veined with 5 distinct lobes. 3”-6” long and wide. Sinuses are rounded at the interior in a u-shape.

Aesculus hippocastanum

Palmately compound, with 5-7 sessile or short stalked leaflets. Upright, conical panicles, small, white flowers with yellow or red spotted marking.

Araucaria araucana

Elephant foot like trunk. Rigid dark green, triangular, and lanceolate scales. Sharp pointed. Can reach over 1,000 years old in native habitat. Considered a living fossil (remarkably unchanged from ancient fossilized ancestors. Ancient species existing for roughly 200 million years dating to jurassic period.

Cedrus deodara

Graceful pyramidal shape with weeping branches and drooping leader. 1-2” long needles, soft, light green to glaucous blue-green. Upright barrel shaped cones.

Cercidiphyllum japonicum

Multi-trunked. Simple, cordate (heart-shaped) to rounded-oval leaves.

Quercus rubra

Simple, alternate, 7-11 bristle-tipped, shallow lobes. Large acorns feature a shallow, saucer-shaped, scaly cap.

Ginkgo biloba

MR LOBA LOBA LOBA

Gleditsia triacanthos

Famously known for clusters of large, hard, three-pronged thorns. Pinnately and bipinnately compound

Ulmus americana

Bark, deep irregular fissures and flattened, thick, interlacing, or braided ridges. Simple, alternate, and typically 3-6” long. Strongly asymmetrical (oblique) base and a doubly serrated margin. Papery-winged samara, wing that is deeply notched at the apex and fringed with tiny, pale hairs along the margin.

Frangula purshiana

Greyish silver, smooth with light scales, vertical striping. Simple, deciduous, and alternifoliate, typically measuring 2-6” long. Purple-black berry 1/4-1.2” long.

Mahonia nervosa

Evergreen, yellow-inner bark, 9-19 leathery leaflets, bright yellow flowers, blue fruit, 1-2 ft tall

Mahonia aquifolium

5-9 leaflets per leaf, each leaflet with one central vein, bright yellow flowers, dark purpl-to-black berries, 3-7’ tall

Vaccinium ovatum

alternate, evergreen, egg-shaped, leathery, dark shiny leaves, pink bell shaped flowers, purplish-black berries

Vaccinium parvifolium

bright green, sharply angled (ribbed) twigs, not toothed leaves

Oemleria cerasiformis

not tothed, strong cucumber-like smell when crushed, protruding vein, very early bloom and leafing

Athyrium filix-femina

clustered, erect and spreading to 6’ tall, lance shaped, tapering at both ends, with diamond shaped profile, elongated and curved fiddle head

Polystichum munitum

evergreen, erect leaves forming a crown, dark green

Polypodium glycyrrhiza

Growing often on deciduous tree trunks and logs, commonly on big-leaf maple, small

Maianthemum dilatatum

monocot, usually 2 broadly heat shaped leaves, small white flowers in parts of 4, terminal cylindric cluster

Oxalis oregana

perennial with sour watery juice, brownish-hairy clover-like, 3 heart-shaped and folded leaflets, white to pale-pinkish flowers

Trillium ovatum

whorls of usually 3 (up to 5) leaves, parallel veins, white flowers

Tellima grandiflora

heart-shaped leaves, 2-3 inches wide, greenish-white to sometimes reddish flowers

Calocedrus decurrens

Foliage in flattened vertical sprays. Open cones shaped like a duck bill.

Sequoia sempervirens

Dark red-brown, tough and fibrous bark. Flat, V-shaped, two-rank needles. Smaller cones.

Sequoiadendron giganteum

Scale like with sharp-point needles. Larger dense cone.

Callitropsis nootkatensis

Weeping sprays. Four-square cones.

Thuja pilcata

Cinnamon-colored, soft and fibrous bark. Small rosette cones.

Abies grandis

Cones upright and fall apart leaving center still on tree. Needles like a grand piano. Needles can not be rolled between fingers.

Larix occidentalis

15-30 needles per bundle. Loose needles in the fall.

Pinus contorta

Needles in clusters of two.

Pinus ponderosa

Needles in clusters of 3. Bark like jigsaw puzzles. Cones sharp and pointy.

Pinus jeffreyi

Needles in bundles of 3. Soft sweet cones.

Picea sitchensis

Never shake hands with a s*****. Needles can be rolled between fingers. Papery cones hang down.

Pseudotsuga menziesii

3 mousey bracts.

Tsuga heterophylla

Top of tree is droopy. Cute cones all over the place. Needles are irregularly spaced.

Taxus brevifolia

Twigs from last year are green. Needles are dark green above lime green below. Red aril in late summer / fall.

Alnus rubra

Smooth, molted, light gray to whitish bark. Leaf margins rolled under. Bundle of 4 cylindrical catkins. Clusters of brownish cones.

Betula papyrifera

Distinct calk white to cream colored bark. Horizontal lenticle markings. Simple, alternate, double toothed leaves.

Corylus cornuta

Double serrated margin. Harry on leaf veins. Hard-shelled nut up to 1/2” long. Multi-stemmed trunk. Fuzzy baby leaves.

Cornus nuttallii

Opposite leaves. Veins curl parallel to the leaf edge. All have elastic threads when you pull the leaf apart. White flowers with showy bracts.

Arbutus menziesii

Distinctive smooth, peeling bark. Dark shiny green leaves above and whiteish underneath. White urn shaped flowers.

Quercus garryana

Often, gnarled, twisted limbs. Bark light grey with thick furrows. Deeply round-lobed leaves.

Fraxinus latifolia

Opposite, pinnately compound with 5-7 leaflets. Paddle-shaped, 1-seeded winged fruits.

Populus trichocarpa

Old bark deeply furrowed. Simple, alternate, shiny dark green leaves above, silvery below. Lives in moist soil.

Acer macrophyllum

Large 5-lobed leaves, flowers in hanging cylindrical clusters. Paired, winged seeds spread in a V-shape.

Acer circinatum

Opposite, deciduous, round, 7-9 lobed leaves. White flowers at the end of shoots. Winged seeds widely spreading.

Salix sitchensis

Twigs densely velvety, brittle at base, lower side satiny with short hairs pressed flat, not glaucous (blue/green waxy), flowers appear before or with the leaves, on short leafy shoots

Salix lasiandra

Lance-shaped, sharp point tip, finely toothed, Smooth, shiny, dark green.

Lonicera involucrata

Young twigs 4 angled (square) in cross-section, shiny black twin berries

Cornus sericea

Opposite oval, 5-7 prominent parallel veins, white to greenish, in dense flat-topped terminal clusters

Physocarpus capitatus

Arching, a common name derived from this appearance, is often said to have nine layers of peeling bark

Rosa nutkana

Pair of large prickles at the base

Spiraea douglasii

Toothed above the middle, paler and often grey-woolly beneath, pink to deep rose

Morella californica

6-15’ tall, evergreen, simple, alternate, black dots, short axillary catkins

Typha latifolia

pithy, tiny, numerous, cylindrical spike, nutlets, long, slender hairs

Juncus effusus

tufted, leafless, reduced to brown sheaths, appearing as a continuation of the stem

Carex obnupta

Sedges have edges, densely tufted along long, stout rhizomes, purplish, and with shreddy lower leaf sheaths and lower spikes on short, stiff, erect stalks

Scirpus microcarpus

small clusters at the ends of spreading stalks; involucral

Blechnum spicant

evergreen, tufted, 2 kinds, often pressed to the ground, purplish-brown, widely spaced, oblong, narrower, sometimes rolled in near

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

trailing, dark-green leaves, bright red berries like mini apples, pinkish white small urn shaped flowers

Amelanchier alnifolia

alternate, thin, regularly toothed mostly on top half of leaf, flowers white and large, berries red to deep purple

Camassia quamash

Perennial herb up to 27” tall, with a deep egg-shaped bulb, pale to deep blue flowers, uneven radial pattern

Camassia leichtlinii

2.5-4’ tall sturdy, leafless spikes with 20-80 start shaped, deep blue flowers, even 6 petal placement.

Toxicoscordion venenosum

creamy white, bell-shaped flowers with green glands at the base of the petals. Foul-smelling, fairly compact, terminal cluster.

Achillea millefolium

Leaves fern-like, stalked below and stalkless above, alternate, pinnately dissected, and the divisions again dissected. Ray flowers usually about 5, white to sometimes pink or reddish

Eriophyllum lanatum

Perennial, woolly herb, with alternate or opposite, narrowly lobed to sometimes entire leaves. Ray flowers, yellow, heads single on long stalks.

Erigeron speciosus

Stems upright, clumping, usually sparsely hairy, approximately 12-32” tall. Basal leaves. Ray flowers numerous, narrow, lavender to violet-blue, surrounding yellow disk flowers. Fruit: tuft of fine white bristles

Solidago canadensis

Long creeping, rhizomes, Basal leaves lacking, stem leaves numerous and crowded, only gradually reduced upward, Ray flowers yellow, somewhat overlapping and sometimes sticky-glandular: heads numerous in dense pyramidal clusters

Lupinus rivularis

Flowers: dense upright racemes of pea-like flowers ranging from blue-violet to purple-blue, often with white or yellow markings on the banner petal. 5-9 narrow leaflets radiating from a central point.

Festuca roemeri

Bunchgrass forming dense tifts, stems upright. Lacks spreading rhizomes. Mostly basal, narrow and finely textured leaves. Blue green to gray green.

Deschampsia cespitosa

Densely tufted, narrow leaves, rather stiff, lingules. Fruit: produced within small papery, two-flowered spikelets

Carex pachystachya

Sedge forming loose to dense clusters. 8-32” tall, leaves mostly basal. Spikes dense and compact, scales brown to dark brown and tightly packed.

Potentilla anserina

Compound, pinnate leaves, that are woolly beneath. Flowers single on leafless stalks.

Fragaria virginiana

Low-growing, spreading by slender runners, forming loose colonies. Leaves basal, divided into 3 toothed leaflets. Flowers white with 5 rounded petals surrounding yellow centers

Chamaenerion angustifolium

Alternate lance-shaped leaves, distinctly veined below. Rose to purple flowers.

Castanea sativa

Large, deciduous, broad-rounded to spreading crown. 4-10” long with sharply toothed margins; prominent parallel veins ending at each tooth. Glossy dark green above. Spiny green burns to 3” wide, splitting open in autumn to reveal 1-3 flossy brown edible nuts.

Lagerstroemia indica

Multi-stemmed deciduous shrub or small tree with a rounded to vase-shaped crown. Smooth, thin, mottled bark exfoliating in patches to reveal shades of cream, tan, cinnamon, and gray beneath; highly ornamental in winter.

Liquidambar styraciflua

Large deciduous tree with a straight trunk and pyramidal crown, deeply furrowed with corky ridges. Young twigs are often winged with corky projections. Alternate, glossy, star-shaped leaves with 5-7 sharply pointed lobes; typically 4-7” wide. Crushed leaves are aromatic and resinous.

Liriodendron tulipifera

Very large fast-growing deciduous tree with a straight trunk. Crown pyramidal when young, becoming more open and oval with age. Bark deeply furrowed with interlacing ridges with age. Distinctly four-lobed with a squared-off or notched tip, undersides paler green.

Magnolia grandiflora

Large evergreen tree with a dense pyramidal to broadly oval crown. Evergreen, alternate, thick, and leathery. Upper surface glossy dark green; undersides rusty-brown to cinnamon with dense fuzzy hairs. Very large creamy white, highly fragrant flowers to 8-12” wide.

Platanus x acerifolia

Large deciduous tree with a broad spreading crown. Distinctive exfoliating bark peeling in irregular patches to reveal mottled cream, olive, gray, and tan inner bark beneath. Alternatively, large, maple-like leaves with 3-5 broad lobes, typically 4-10” wide. Round bristly seed balls.

Populus tremuloides

Often forms extensive clonal colonies connected through shared root systems and root suckering. Smooth and pale white to greenish-white with dark horizontal scars and black markings. Long flat petioles.

Prunus x yedoensis

Horizontal lenticles are becoming slightly fissured with age—alternate simple, oval leaves with finely serrated margins and pointed tips.

Pinus monticola

Needles in bundles of 5. Cones are reddish brown without prickles. White tips on the cones are dried sap.

Chamaecyparis lawsoniana

Large evergreen conifer with a narrow pyramidal to columnar crown. Distinctive white X-shaped stomatal markings beneath. Small woody globose cones composed of shield-like scales containing numerous small winged seeds. Alaska Yellow Cedar is weeping, while Port Orford is narrow and pyramidal.