Respiratory System Quiz

mouth and nose

the portal entry and exit for air that is a part of the respiratory system

alveoli sacs

tiny air sacs in the lungs that are involved in the exchange of gases that takes place in between the blood and the atmosphere

trachea

another name for "wind pipe;" divides into the left and right primary bronchi

diaphragm

concave dome shaped muscle; the major muscle involved with the process of breathing

cilia

tiny hair-like structures that aid in keeping the air passages clean

in front of

the trachea is located...the esophagus

larynx

the strucutre that produces the sound of the voice as air passes through it; contains thyroid cartilage (adam's apple)

thoracic

the lungs are located in what cavity and occupy most of the space

bronchial tubes

the trachea branches into these structures

emphysema

a very serious disease of the lungs in which the lungs lose their elasticity

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing is referred to as

tidal volume

the volume of air breathed out after a normal inspiration

two

each nasal cavity of the nose is divided into how many passageways to aid in warming, cleaning, and humidifying incoming air

pulmonary

a term used in association with the lungs

lobes

the left lung has two and the right lung has three

circulatory system

oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported between the cells of the body and the respiratory system by the

alveoli

the smallest branches of the respiratory system tubes terminate in clusters of microscopic air sacs; fill with oxygen; capillaries that surround the alveoli allow the exchange of CO2 and oxygen

pulmonary artery

blood enters the lungfrom the heart through this major artery

pharnyx

the mouth and nasal cavities meet in this region; passageway for both respiratory and digestive system; leads air from the nasal cavity to the larynx; contains the tonsils which aids in defense against infection

external nares

the nasal cavities open to the external environment at the nostrils, also known as

nasal conchi

passageways in the nasal cavity are separated from one another by body extensions of the nasal septum known as

sinuses

many bones of the skull contain opentings from the nasal cavities referred to as

olfactory region

sensation occurs when airborne molecules are moved into the nasal cavity; at the roof of the nasal cavities the sense of smell is associted with an area called

warming the air

three functions of the nose include moistening the air, filterning the air, and what

allergic rhinitis

allergic reactions occuring within the nasal chambers are given this general name

throat

another name for the pharnyx

oropharynx

the digestive and respiratory passageways meet one another at a region of the pharynx referred to as what

eustachian tubes

the lateral walls of the nasopharynx contain openings of tubes fromthe middle ear known as

pharnygeal tonsils

the mass of lymphatic tissue on the medial posterior wall of the nasopharnyx

thyroid cartilage

the largest cartilage of the larynx, also known as the Adam's apple

cricoid cartilage

the cartilage of the larynx that resenles a signet ring and connects the trachea and larynx

glottis

the opening to the larynx referred to as

lungs

vibrations of the vocal chords are due to air exhaled from; the relaxtion of respiratory muscles compresses the thorax and increases the air pressure

pitch

because men have longer vocal chords, their voices have a lower

cartilage

the trachea is supported by a series of C-shaped of this; form the anterior and lateral sides of trachea, which protects and maintains air passage

bronchi

the two primary tubes that branch from the trachea; split up much like tree branches; air flows through these tubes, then into the bronchiole; get smaller until they reach the alveoli

bronchioles

there is no cartilage in the tubes when the bronchi become these

smooth muscle

bronchiole walls are composed mostly of muscle referred to as

bronchitis

the common name for inflammation of the bronchial tree

pleura

the two-layer membrane surrounding each lung

parietal pleura

the outer layer of pleura lining the inner surface of the thoracic cavity

low pressure

the underlying principle of breathing is that air flows from the region of high pressure to a region of

respiratory muscles

pressure changes occurring in the lungs can be traced to the activity of skeletal muscles known as

external intercostal muscles

during inspiration, the ribs are raised upward and outward by a set of respiratory muscles called

passive process

while inspiration is an active process, the process of expiration is a

resting tidal volume

the amount of air that enters and leaves the lungs ina nroaml breath under resting conditions is

vital capacity

the volume of air that can be forced out of the lungs after a forced inspiration is

pons

breathing is controlled by an area of the brain called the respiratory control center, which includes part of the medulla oblongata and this

carbon dioxide

the respiratory centers in the brain are regulated indirectly by the bloodstream's level of

pneumotaxic area

the rate of breathing is controlled by an area of the brain known as

hydrogen ions

the respiratory center is activated by the cerebrospinal fluid level of

involuntary

while the contraction of skeletal muscles is usually voluntary, the control of breathing is

hemoglobin molecules

the great majority of oxygen is carried in the body in association with

bicarbonate ions

approximately 70-75 percent of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood in the form of

carboxyhemoglobin molecules

approximately 25-30 percent of the carbon dioxide in the body is carried as

diffusion

the driving forcce behind the exchange of gases in the alveoli is the process of; passive process

red blood cells

during lung gas exchange, oxygen molecules move toward the

alveolar sac

during lung gas exchange, carbon dioxide molecules move toward the

upper respiratory

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx

lower respiratory

trachea, primary bronchi, lungs

coughing

defense mechanism that expels mucus build and foreign substances

innate immunity

gives some protection against microorganisms via blocking their way into the body, and by removing them from respiratory surfaces

hard palate

located at the base of the cavity, separating the oral and nasal cavity; when masticating it allows breath through the nasal cavity

nasal cavity

Nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into left and right sides; mucus forms to trap debris in the air; blood and mucus humidify and warm the air coming through

strep throat

inflammation of the pharynx, inflammation of the tonsils and middle ear are connected

tuberculosis

bacteria caused in the lungs; form lump like lesions; contain degenerating macrophages

pneumonia

infections of the lungs, most is bacterial, but some are viral, phlegm is likely to fill parts of the lungs

asthma

defined by increased constriction of the trachea and bronchi in response to various stimuli, narrowing the air passageways and decreasing ventilation efficiency, can be reverse in time, or with therapy

fungal diseases

fungal spores enter the respiratory system attached to dust particles; spores in the dust causes usually minor infections, but in severe cases it can spread to other parts of the body

diphtheria

caused by bacterium, a grey membrane forms in the throat blocking the air way completely; vaccine is part of normal immunization

whooping cough

bacterial infection that causes a loss of cilia of the reparatory epithelium; mucus accumulates, and the victim tries to cough up the mucus, some cases the coughing is severe

respiration

breathing, gas exchange between the lungs and the blood, transport of oxygen and CO2 in blood, as well as gas exchange between blood and tissues