Chemistry final study things

Acid + Metal

salt and H₂. Makes gas at SATP

Acid + Metal Oxide

Salt and water

Acid + Metal Hydroxide

Salt and Water

Acid + Metal Carbonate

Salt, water and Gas. Co₂

Acid + Metal Hydrogen Carbonate

salt, water, gas, CO₂

Acid + Ammonia

salt

Acid + Amine

salt

Ammonium: Overall charge of ion

1+

Hydroxide: Overall charge of ion

1-

Nitrate: Overall charge of ion

1-

Hydrogencarbonate: Overall charge of ion

1-

Carbonate: Overall charge of ion

2-

Sulfate: Overall charge of ion

2-

Phosphate: Overall charge of ion

3-

Ammonium: Formula

NH₄⁺

Hydroxide: Formula

OH^-

Nitrate: Formula

NO₃^-

Hydrogencarbonate: Formula

HCO₃^-

Carbonate:: Formula

CO₃^2-

Sulfate: Formula

SO₄^2-

Phosphate: Formula

PO₄^3-

Boyle’s Law: inverse relationship between volume and pressure.

Charles’s Law: direct relationship between temperature and pressure.

Gay-Lussac’s Law: direct relationship between temperature and volume.

Electron domain - Linear. Molecular Geometry - Linear

E^- domains - 2 Bonding Pair - 2 Lone Pair - 0 Bonding Angles - 180

Electron domain - Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry - V shaped

E^- domains - 3 Bonding Pair - 2 Lone Pair - 1 Bonding Angles - 117

Electron domain - Trigonal Planar Molecular Geometry - Trigonal Planar

E^- domains - 3 Bonding Pair - 3 Lone Pair - 0 Bonding Angles - 120

Electron domain - Tetrahedral Molecular Geometry - Bent

E^- domains - 4 Bonding Pair - 2 Lone Pair - 2 Bonding Angles - 105

Electron domain - Tetrahedral Molecular Geometry - Trigonal Pyramidal

E^- domains - 4 Bonding Pair - 3 Lone Pair - 1 Bonding Angles - 107

Electron domain - Tetrahedral Molecular Geometry - Tetrahedral

E^- domains - 4 Bonding Pair - 4 Lone Pair - 0 Bonding Angles - 109.5

London Dispersion

Weakest - Formed between induced dipoles - Can exist between: two nonpolar molecules, two polar molecules (nonpolar “ends”), or a nonpolar and a polar molecule (nonpolar end) - all molecules have some type of London dispersion

Dipole Induced Dipole

formed between dipole and a nonpolar species.

Dipole causes the movement of electrons in a neutral species to shift to one side, thus the formation of an induced-dipole

Dipole Dipole

Forms between two polar molecules.

Dipole describes the permanent separation of positive and negative charge in a molecule.

Hydrogen Bond

Special version of dipole-dipole bond.

Two molecules must be polar and one must contain an available hydrogen (i.e. polar bond) and the other molecule must have either an nitrogen, oxgen, or fluorine.

Ionization energy

The energy required to remove one mole of the most loosely held electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms in the ground state.

Electron Affinity

The amount of energy released when a neutral atom gains an electron to form a negatively charged ion.

Electronegativity

A measure of how much an atomic nucleus attracts the shared electrons that are involved in a covalent bond.

Impact of increase of concentration on chemical reaction

shift away from substance added

Impact of decrease of concentration on chemical reaction

shift towards substance lossed

Impact of increase in Temperature on chemical reaction

Shift to side with less heat energy

Impact of decrease in Temperature on chemical reaction

shift to side with more heat energy

Impact of increase in pressure on chemical reaction

shift to side with fewer moles of gas

Impact of decrease in pressure on chemical reaction

shift to side with more moles of gas

Impact of catalyst on chemical reaction

no impact, no matter adding or removing catalyst

Endothermic reaction

+∆H. Reactants + Heat = Products

Exothermic reaction

-∆H. Recants = Products + Heat