Proteins and Amino Acids: Function Follows Form

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and terms related to proteins and amino acids, useful for preparing for an exam.

Protein Turnover

The constant recycling of proteins in the body.

Nitrogen Balance

The difference between the nitrogen intake and nitrogen excretion.

Amino Acid Pool

The amino acids in body tissues and fluids available for new protein synthesis.

Complementary Proteins

Two or more protein sources that when combined provide all essential amino acids.

Denaturation

The alteration of a protein by unfolding the polypeptide chain.

Kwashiorkor

A protein deficiency resulting in swelling of body tissue.

Nonheme Iron

The form of iron found in plant foods that is not as well absorbed.

Conditionally Essential Amino Acids

Amino acids that become essential under certain conditions such as illness or stress.

Lipoproteins

Proteins that transport lipids in the blood.

Antibodies

Blood proteins that attack and inactivate bacteria and viruses.

Positive Nitrogen Balance

Occurs when nitrogen intake exceeds nitrogen excretion, typical during growth or recovery from illness.

Negative Nitrogen Balance

Occurs when nitrogen excretion exceeds nitrogen intake, indicating a deficiency.

Vital Organs

Organs that require amino acids from protein breakdown for survival.

RDA for Protein

Recommended Dietary Allowance for protein, set at 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight.

Protease

An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids.

Edema

Swelling caused by excess fluid in the body's tissues.

Marasmus

A form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency.

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system.

Deamination

The process of removing an amino group from an amino acid.

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A type of RNA that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

The type of RNA that brings amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures where proteins are synthesized.

Protein-Energy Undernutrition (PEU)

A form of malnutrition characterized by insufficient protein and energy intake.