ANSC B5 – Swine Production Lecture Review

Comprehensive vocabulary terms and definitions regarding swine breeds, reproduction, management practices, nutrition, and environmental sustainability based on the lecture guide.

Yorkshire

A white breed of swine best known for having large litters and good mothering abilities.

American Landrace

A breed of swine characterized by being exceptionally long bodied with large, drooping ears.

Duroc

An all-red breed of swine with droopy ears that possesses good mothering abilities.

Hampshire

A breed of swine that is black with a white belt behind its shoulders.

Pietran

A breed of swine inherently known for being excessively muscled.

Nursery

The facility where pigs are moved after weaning for approximately eight weeks before being transitioned to the finishing barn.

Gestation

The length of pregnancy for a sow, which is approximately $114$ days (or three months, three weeks, and three days).

Estrus

The period during which the female swine is receptive to the male, also referred to as the heat period.

Farrowing

The specific act of a gilt or sow giving birth.

Hand mating

A breeding management practice that involves keeping females and males apart until the desired time of breeding.

Semen volume per collection

The range of semen volume collected per boar, typically measuring between $200 ext{ to } 500$ cc or ml.

Colostrum

The mother’s first milk which contains essential antibodies necessary for the piglets’ health.

Ear notching

The universal swine identification system where the right ear represents the litter number and the left ear represents the individual number.

Iron injection

A treatment administered to piglets at $1 ext{ to } 3$ days old to prevent anemia.

Needle teeth clipping

A management practice where eight teeth are clipped to prevent injury to the sow’s teats and other piglets.

Monogastric

An animal, such as a pig, that possesses one true stomach (nonruminant).

Small intestine

The primary location in the pig's digestive tract where most nutrient absorption takes place.

Corn

The most common and abundant cereal grain used in swine feed, typically containing a crude protein content of $8 ext{ to } 10 ext{ percent}$.

Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD)

A required document a producer must obtain to treat a herd with medically important antibiotics.

Withdrawal period

The critical timeframe after medication or vaccination during which an animal must not be processed to ensure the food supply is free of residues.

Modified-live vaccine

A type of vaccine containing organisms that can multiply within the host but cannot produce disease, typically packaged in a minimum of two vials.

Gauge

The technical term used to describe the diameter of a needle.

Anaerobic digestion

A series of processes in the absence of oxygen that break down biodegradable material such as manure.

Silvopasture

A grazing system that incorporates domestic or native livestock with trees, forage, and plants.

Global Warming Potential

A measurement developed to allow comparisons of the global warming impacts of different gases, indicating how much energy the emissions of one ton of gas will absorb.

Carbon sequestration

The implementation of planting crops to reduce the total amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Cryptorchidism

A condition where one or both testes remain in the body cavity rather than descending into the scrotum.

Hermaphroditism

A condition in which an animal possesses both male and female reproductive organs.

Efflux pump

An exit channel created by a bacterial cell that pushes antibiotics out of its system to survive treatment.

Culling

The management process of identifying and removing undesirable animals from a herd.