Exam 3 Overview and Key Clinical Concepts

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key clinical concepts for Exam 3, including dumping syndrome, CHF, fluid and electrolyte balance, thyroid disorders, ABG interpretation, and pancreatitis.

What is dumping syndrome and when does it occur?

Dumping syndrome occurs post-gastric bypass or after certain GI surgeries, but can also happen in people without surgery.

What are the symptoms of dumping syndrome?

Symptoms include sweating, anxiety, dizziness, abdominal cramps, and racing heart typically about 30 minutes after eating.

What are key management strategies for dumping syndrome?

Eat small, frequent meals, avoid drinking fluids with meals, increase fats and proteins, and avoid sugars, roughage, and fast-breaking foods.

What is congestive heart failure (CHF) and where does it typically start?

CHF usually starts on the left side of the heart.

What are the left-sided symptoms of CHF?

Shortness of breath, chest pain, cyanosis, pink/frothy sputum, chronic cough, tiredness, and anxiety.

What critical interventions are needed in CHF management?

Administer diuretics, monitor potassium, restrict fluids, daily weight monitoring, and use O2 for anxiety.

What are the signs of right-sided CHF?

Organ enlargement, JVD, ascites, and lower extremity edema.

What is the relationship between sodium levels and fluid balance?

Sodium levels are influenced more by water volume changes than by sodium intake alone.

What is the normal range for sodium levels?

Normal sodium levels range from 135 to 145 mEq/L.

What are common symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

Sweating, racing thoughts, elevated heart rate, weight loss, and fatigue.

What are common symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, and constipation.

What does the ROM method in ABG interpretation stand for?

Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal.

What are the normal ranges for ABG components?

pH: 7.35-7.45, PaCO2: 35-45 mmHg, HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L.

What are the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?

Moon face, buffalo hump, thin extremities, weight gain, and striae.

What is the treatment focus for Addison's disease?

Monitoring blood pressure, sodium intake, and recognizing symptoms of low blood sugar or pressure.

What does SIADH stand for and what does it cause?

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone secretion; it leads to water retention and low blood labs.

How is pancreatitis treated?

Patients are kept NPO (nothing by mouth) to allow the pancreas to rest.

What is the expected normal blood glucose range?

70-100 mg/dL.