pearson urin 2

What type of substances are found in the filtrate?

Water and small solutes

The myogenic mechanism acts to restore glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by changing __________.

vessel diameter

When blood volume increases, __________ will be released.

atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

In which part of the nephron loop are chloride ions actively reabsorbed?

Thick ascending limb

The __________ acts as a countercurrent exchanger in the renal medulla.

vasa recta

The three layers of the filtration membrane, from deep to superficial, are:

glomerular capillaries, basal lamina, and podocytes

What effect will vasodilation of the afferent arteriole have on glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

It will increase the GHP and the GFR.

Which hormones promote facultative water reabsorption?

Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

What is the net filtration pressure (NFP) if the glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) is 55 mm Hg, the capsular hydrostatic pressure (CHP) is 15 mm Hg, and the glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is 35 mm Hg?

5 mm Hg

The reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule helps regulate __________

blood pH

What does the countercurrent mechanism accomplish in the nephron loop?

Creation of a steep concentration gradient for continued water reabsorption

Sympathetic stimulation of the kidney can lead to all of the following activities, except __________.

increasing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

In the absence of hormones, the distal tube and the collecting ducts are relatively ______ to water.

impermeable

What is the primary pressure driving glomerular filtration?

• Glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Reabsorption is the movement of molecules from the __________ into the __________.

renal tubules; peritubular capillaries

The most important function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is to:

• secrete renin in response to decreased renal blood pressure or blood flow.

The main hormone regulating facultative water reabsorption is:

antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

Countercurrent refers to the:

exchange occurring between fluids moving in opposite directions.

Which of the following effects is the result of angiotensin-II (Ang-II)?

Ang-II increases systemic blood pressure, Ang-II stimulates the thirst center, Ang-II increases blood volume.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is regulated directly by which of the following hormones?

Angiotensin-II and atrial natriuretic peptide

What does the descending limb of the nephron loop actively reabsorb?

water

What factors regulate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

Autoregulation, Hormonal mechanisms, neural regulation