Brain lab - practical

Neuron

• Dendrites

• Cell body

• Axon hillock

• Axon

• Myelin Sheath

• Node of Ranvier

blue

Dendrites

green

Cell body

pink

Axon hillock

red

Axon

pink

Myelin Sheath

blue

Node of Ranvier

Axonal endings/Synaptic knob/Axon

• Mitochondrion

• neurotransmitters

blue

Mitochondrion

red

neurotransmitters

Spinal cord

• anterior funiculus 

• posterior funiculus

• lateral funiculus

• anterior horn

• posterior horn 

• lateral horn 

• central canal 

• posterior median sulcus

• anterior median fissure 

• dorsal root of spinal nerve

• dorsal root ganglion 

• ventral root of spinal nerve

red

anterior funiculus 

blue

posterior funiculus

pink

lateral funiculus

green

anterior horn

orange

posterior horn 

yellow

lateral horn 

blue

central canal 

dark purple

posterior median sulcus

black

anterior median fissure 

brown

dorsal root of spinal nerve

bright green

dorsal root ganglion 

gray

ventral root of spinal nerve

Brain

• Pituitary gland

• Infundibulum

Pink

Pituitary gland

Pink

Infundibulum

What does the Infundibulum connect to?

The pituitary gland and hypothalamus

Gyri (blue)

Elevated tissue ridges

Sulcus (red)

Shallow grooves

Cerebrum

• Frontal lobe

• Parietal lobe

• Temporal lobe

• Occipital Lobe

red

Cerebrum

Fissures - Deep grooves

longitudinal fissure

red

longitudinal fissure

Cerebellum

• Arbor vitae

• Cerebral peduncles

• Pons

• Medulla oblongata

• Spinal cord

red

Cerebellum

red

Arbor vitae

blue

Cerebral peduncles

pink

Pons

green

Medulla oblongata

yellow

Spinal cord

Cranial nerves

• olfactory bulbs and tracts  (I) - smell

• optic nerves (II) - nerve visions

• optic chiasma - off the midbrain

• oculomotor nerves (III) - control most of eye movement

• trochlear nerves (IV) - control one eye muscle

• trigeminal nerves (V) - sensory: face & motor:chewing

• abducens nerves (VI)  - control one eye muscle       

Cranial nerves I - yellow

• olfactory bulbs and tracts 

  • smell

• I = 1

Cranial nerves II - blue

• optic nerves

  • nerve visions

• II = 2

red

optic chiasma - off the midbrain

Cranial nerves III - pink

• oculomotor nerves

  • control most of eye movement

• III = 3

Cranial nerves IV - green

• trochlear nerves

  • control one eye muscle

• IV = 4

Cranial nerves V - red

• trigeminal nerves

  • sensory: face & motor:chewing

• V = 5

Cranial nerves VI - orange

• abducens nerves

  • control one eye muscle       

• VI = 6

Mid - sagittal view

• thalamus

• hypothalamus

• pineal gland (body) - on sheep brain

• corpora quadrigemina - sheep brain

• superior colliculi - sheep brain

• inferior colliculi - sheep brain

• lateral ventricle - sheep brain (space)

• septum pellucidum - model (membrane)

• Cerebral hemispheres -

• corpus callousm

pink

thalamus

blue

hypothalamus

green

pineal gland (body) - on sheep brain

red

corpora quadrigemina - sheep brain

blue

superior colliculi - sheep brain

pink

inferior colliculi - sheep brain

pink

lateral ventricle - sheep brain (space)

pink

septum pellucidum - model (membrane)

blue

Cerebral hemispheres

green

corpus callousm

Meningies

dura mater

dura mater

• outermost meninx

• 2-layered sheet of fibrous connective tissue

• below: subdural  space 

Arachnoid

• middle meninx

• loose brain covering

• does not dip into the sulci below:

  • subarachnoid space (origin of the arachnoid villi – for reabsorption of CSF) 

Pia mater

• innermost meninx

• delicate tissue

• tiny blood vessels

• clings to brain

• dips into the grooves

What is the corpora quadrigemina comprised of?

super colliculi & inferior colliculi

What is the midbrain comprised of?

cerebral peduncles & corpora quadrigemina. The cerebral aqueduct run through the midbrain

CSF and CFS flow

• lateral ventricles 

• cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle

pink

lateral ventricles 

blue

cerebral aqueduct - 4th ventricle