Year 8 pearson exploring science physics every topic
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68 Terms
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solid, liquid, gas
What happens to particles when heated?
They move faster
What happens to particles when cooled?
They move slower
What is density?
Mass ÷ volume
What unit is density measured in?
g/cm³ or kg/m³
Why does ice float?
It is less dense than water
What is melting?
Solid → liquid
What is freezing?
Liquid → solid
What is boiling?
Liquid → gas
What is condensation?
Gas → liquid
What is sublimation?
Solid → gas
What happens to temperature during a change of state?
It stays constant
What is pressure?
Force on a surface
What causes gas pressure?
Particle collisions
How does pressure change with depth?
It increases
What is atmospheric pressure?
Pressure caused by air
What is upthrust?
Upward force from a fluid
When does an object float?
Upthrust = weight
What determines if an object floats or sinks?
Density
What is drag?
Force opposing motion
How can drag be reduced?
Streamlining
What is lift?
Upward force on an aeroplane
Why do hot-air balloons rise?
Hot air is less dense
How do we see objects?
Light reflects into our eyes
How does light travel?
In straight lines
What is reflection?
Bouncing of light
Law of reflection?
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
What is refraction?
Bending of light
Why does refraction happen?
Light changes speed
What happens when light enters glass from air?
Bends towards the normal
What does ROYGBIV stand for?
Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Indigo Violet
What are the primary colours of light?
Red, green, blue
Why does a red object look red?
It reflects red light
Why does a black object look black?
It absorbs most light
What are the 3 methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, radiation
What is conduction?
Heat transfer through particle collisions
What is convection?
Heat transfer by moving fluids
What is radiation?
Heat transfer by infrared waves
Which materials are good conductors?
Metals
What is an insulator?
A material that reduces heat transfer
Why is air a good insulator?
It is a poor conductor
What is power?
Rate of energy transfer
What is the unit of power?
Watt (W)
What is efficiency?
Useful energy output ÷ total energy input × 100
What is wasted energy usually transferred as?
Heat and sound
What is renewable energy?
Energy that will not run out
Name 3 renewable energy sources.
Solar, wind, hydroelectric
Name 3 non-renewable energy sources.
Coal, oil, natural gas
What is a kilowatt-hour (kWh)?
A unit of energy
What is gravity?
A force of attraction between masses
What is the Solar System?
The Sun and objects orbiting it
What is a star?
A ball of hot glowing gas
What is a planet?
A body that orbits a star
What is a moon?
A body that orbits a planet
What causes day and night?
Earth's rotation
How long does Earth take to rotate once?
24 hours
How long does Earth take to orbit the Sun?
365¼ days
What causes the seasons?
Earth's tilted axis
What is an orbit?
The path of an object around another object
Which planet do we live on?
Earth
What is the closest star to Earth?
The Sun
What is a galaxy?
A huge collection of stars
What galaxy are we in?
The Milky Way
Why does the Moon appear to change shape?
Because we see different amounts lit by the Sun
What is a lunar eclipse?
Earth blocks sunlight from the Moon
What is a solar eclipse?
The Moon blocks sunlight from Earth