vaccines

True or false: Do tears in your eyes defend against infection by microorganisms?

True

What is one other external defense of the human body against microorganisms?

Skin, mucus in airways, nose hairs, or stomach acid.

What is the role of a phagocyte?

To engulf and destroy pathogens.

What is the role of a lymphocyte?

To produce antibodies that bind to specific markers on pathogens.

What type of cells are phagocytes and lymphocytes?

White blood cells.

What are the three most common types of microorganisms?

Fungi, bacteria, virus.

What is immunization?

The insertion of a vaccine.

What is a vaccine?

A substance containing dead or inactive forms of the disease-causing pathogen.

What happens when you are vaccinated?

White blood cells produce specific antibodies in response, providing immunity.

How can we become immune to a disease without actually getting the disease?

Through vaccination or immunization.

What triggers the immune system when a vaccine enters the body?

The vaccine itself.

What do memory cells do when a microbe enters the blood?

They produce antibodies and quickly destroy the pathogen.

What was smallpox?

A severe, highly contagious disease caused by a virus.

What were the symptoms of smallpox?

High fever, headache, and a distinctive rash with pus-filled blisters.

What was the fatality rate of smallpox?

Around 30%.

How were vaccines discovered?

Through immunizations that led to the eradication of smallpox.

What did Jenner's theory link?

Cowpox and smallpox.

What did Jenner observe that led him to his theory?

Observations of milkmaids who had cowpox and did not get smallpox.

What is the importance of vaccination in modern medicine?

It prevents diseases and contributes to public health.

Why are mosquitoes considered the most hated flies in the world?

They carry malaria, which kills millions of people every year.

What is immunity?

The ability of the immune system to remember and destroy pathogens.

What is the role of antibodies in the immune response?

To attack and neutralize pathogens.

What is antibiotic resistance?

When bacteria evolve to resist the effects of antibiotics.

What are non-communicable diseases?

Diseases that are not transmitted from person to person.

What are harmful microbes?

Microorganisms that cause disease.

What are useful microbes?

Microorganisms that have beneficial effects.

What is the role of the immune system when a pathogen is detected?

It triggers white blood cells to kill that specific pathogen.

What is the significance of studying the spread of a disease?

It helps in controlling and preventing outbreaks.