OH state american government test

Political processes

acquisition of power and influencing decision-making

public policy processes

Institutional actions involved with government carrying out its functions

civic engagement

Apply information, literacy, problem-solving, and communication skills to address societal problems

political parties

Organizations whose members hold similar view seek to determine public policy through winning elections and public office

interest groups

Organizations whose members hold similar views seek to influence public policy through the political and public policy processes

media

Means of mass communication

political parties and interest groups use what to influence the political and public policy processes

media

researching a Civic issue

Determining which sources of information are relevant, identifying the perspective, evaluating credibility of sources

public records

County tax records, state agency reports, congressional record

research data

May originate with universities to research institutes

advocacy groups

( interest groups, lobbies) produce literature, websites outline positions on public policy issues

credibility of sources

Qualifications of writer; circumstances in which source material was generated; internal consistency in agreement with other credible sources; use of supporting evidence and logical conclusions; bias or unstated assumptions

persuasion

inducing others into accepting a point of view through reasoning and argumentation

compromise

Making concessions

census building

Working toward achieving general agreement

negotiation

Setting differences through discussion of issues

popular sovereignty

Authority derived from the people; consent of the govern

Limited government

Government can only exercise powers granted to it; according to the rule of law

federalism

Power is divided between a central authority and constituent units

separation of powers

Distribution of powers among independent branches

check balances

controlling government power branches can restraint actions of other branches

federalist

Proponents of ratification of US constitution

anti-federalists

Ratification opponents

Key argument

Instead of power that should be held by national government

federalists

Power is given to national government address problems under the articles; state sovereignty must give way to general welfare of the nation; national power was defined in limited, states still held many residual powers

anti-federalist

Important powers had been dedicated to national government; necessary, proper supremacy, clauses made in effective any limitations on power of national government

federalist agreed to offer Bill of Rights why?

To secure votes and ratifying conventions

amendments ratified in 1791

Became known as the Bill of Rights

addressed protections for individual rights

amendments 1 to 9

10th amendment

Addressed principle of limited government and federalism

article 5

Processes for amending constitution

judicial review

Supreme Court has declared actions of other branches and states unconstitutional

informal practices

changed how constitutional government has been implemented

Laws are rules

recognized as binding, enforced by a government

public policy

Institutional actions by government in carrying out functions