MUSCLE CARDS Unit 3

Sartorius

ORIGIN: ilium (ASIS)

INSERTION: Pes Anserines (medial tibia)

FUNCTION: flex and abduct thigh, lateral rotation of hip, assist in flexing leg

INNERVATION: Femoral N

Quadriceps Femoris (4 heads)

Rectus Femoris

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

Vastus Intermedius

Rectus Femoris

ORIGIN: anterior inferior iliac spine

INSERTION: tibial tuberosity

FUNCTION: extend leg, flex thigh

INNERVATION: Femoral nerve

Vastus Lateralis

ORIGIN: femur (lateal side of greater trochanter and linea aspera)

INSERTION: tibial tuberosity

FUNCTION: extend leg

INNERVATION: femoral nerve

Vastus Medialis

ORIGIN: femur (medial side of intertrochanteric line and linea aspera)

INSERTION: tibial tuberosity

FUNCTION: extend leg

INNERVATION: femoral nerve

Vastus Intermedius

ORIGIN: shaft of femur

INSERTION: tibial tuberosity

FUNCTION: extend leg

INNERVATION: femoral nerve

Iliopsoas

ORIGIN:

-Iliacus: Iliac fossa

-Psoas major: lumbar vertebrae

INSERTION: Lesser trochanter of femur

FUNCTION: Major hip flexor (mainly iliacus)

INNERVATION:

-Iliacus: Femoral N (L2,3)

-Psoas major: Anterior Ramus (L1,2,3)

Iliacus

ORIGIN: iliac fossa

INSERTION: lesser trochanter of femur

FUNCTION: powerful hip flexor and stabilizer

INNERVATION: femoral nerve

Psoas Major

ORIGIN: lumbar vertebrae

INSERTION: lesser trochanter of femur

FUNCTION: minor hip flexion and vertebral flexion

INNERVATION: anterior ramus

Gracilis

ORIGIN: pubis (sometimes ischium)

INSERTION: medial surface tibia (pes anserine)

FUNCTION: adduct thigh, flex LEG, MAY rotate LEG medially

INNERVATION: obturator nerve

Pectineus

ORIGIN: pubis (body and superior ramus)

INSERTION: femur (proximal posterior shaft)

FUNCTION: adduct thigh, flex hip, assist medial rotation

INNERVATION: femoral nerve

Adductor Longus

ORIGIN: pubis (body and inferior ramus)

INSERTION: femur (linea aspera)

FUNCTION: ADDUCT HIP

flex hip

medial thigh rotation

posture control

synergist in gait patterns

active during hip flexion

INNERVATION: obturator nerve

Adductor Brevis

ORIGIN: pubis (body and inferior ramus)

INSERTION: femur (linea aspera)

FUNCTION: hip adductor

medial thigh rotation

flex hip

INNERVATION: obturator nerve

Adductor Magnus

horizontal component

vertical component

ORIGIN: pubis (inferior ramus), ischium (ramus and tuberosity)

INSERTION: femur (gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle)

FUNCTION:

horizontal -- flex, adduct, medial rotation of hip

vertical -- hip extensor

INNERVATION:

adductor -- obturator nerve

extensor -- tibial division of sciatic nerve

Gluteus Maximus

ORIGIN: ilium, sacrum (coccux and sacrotuberous ligament)

INSERTION: gluteal tuberosity of femur (tibia by IT band of lateral fascia)

FUNCTION:

hip abduction

hip extension

hip lateral rotation

REVERSE: raise trunk from stooping, sitting

INNERVATION: inferior gluteal N (L5, S1, S2)

Gluteus Medius/Gluteal Minimus

medius partially covered by maximus

minimus deep to medius

ORIGIN: external surface of ilium

INSERTION: greater trochanter

FUNCTION: powerful ABductors, keep pelvis level when walking

INNERVATION: superior gluteal N (L4, L5, S1)

Tensor Fascia Lata

ORIGIN: ilium (crest and antieror superior iliac spine)

INSERTION: iliotibial band

FUNCTION: primarily a stabilizer, knee extension, internally rotate and abduct hip, flex hip

INNERVATION: superior gluteal nerve

Piriformis

Superior Gemellus

Obturator Internus

Inferior Gemellus

Quadratus Femoris

ORIGIN/INSERTION: greater trochanter

FUNCTION: lateral rotation, primarily for postural/hip stability

INNERVATION: branches of lumbar plexus

Obturator Externus

ORIGIN: obturator foramen/membrane

INSERTION: posterior aspect of femur (trochanteric fossa)

FUNCTION: lateral rotator of thigh

steadies femur in acetabulum

INNERVATION: obturator nerve - posterior branch

what are the 3 hamstring muscles?

biceps femoris

semitendinosus

semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus

ORIGIN: ischial tuberosity

INSERTION: upper posteromedial surface of tibia

FUNCTION: extend thigh, flex knee

INNERVATION: tibial division of sciatic

Biceps Femoris

ORIGIN:

long head -- ischial tuberosity

short head -- lateral lip of linea aspera of femur

INSERTION: head of fibula, fibular collateral ligament

FUNCTION: extend hip, flex knee

INNERVATION:

long head -- tibial division

short head -- common fibular division

Tibialis Anterior

ORIGIN: tibia, interosseous membrane, deep fascia

INSERTION: medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

FUNCTION: dorsiflexors of ankle, inverter of foot, support for MEDIAL arch

INNERVATION: deep peroneal/fibular nerve

Extensor Hallucis Longus

ORIGIN: middle half of fibula and interosseous membrane

INSERTION: base of distal phalanx of hallux

FUNCTION: extend hallux, dorsiflex ankle

INNERVATION: deep peroneal/fibular nerve

Extensor Digitorum Longus

ORIGIN: tibia, fibula, deep fascia

INSERTION: 4 slips (superior aspect of middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5)

FUNCTION: extend toes, dorsiflexes ankle, indirectly tightens plantar aponeurosis

INNERVATION: deep peroneal/fibular nerve

Peroneus (Fibularis) Tertius

ORIGIN: fibula

INSERTION: 5th metatarsal

FUNCTION: dorsiflex and evert ankle

INNERVATION: deep peroneal/fibular nerve

Peroneus (Fibularis) Longus

ORIGIN: tiba and fibula

INSERTION: medial cuneiform and base of metatarsal 1

FUNCTION: evertor of foot, plantarflexion of ankle, support arches

INNERVATION: superficial fibular nerve

Peroneus (Fibularis) Brevis

ORIGIN: fibula

INSERTION: base of metatarsal 5

FUNCTION: evertor of foot

INNERVATION: superficial fibular nerve

Gastrocnemius

ORIGIN: medial and lateral heads from distal femur condyles

INSERTION: calcaneal tendon

FUNCTION: plantar flexion, knee flexion

INNERVATION: tibial nerve

Soleus

ORIGIN: soleal line and medial border of tibia and head of fibula

adjacent surfaces between tibia and fibula and tendinous arch

INSERTION: calcaneal tendon

FUNCTION: plantarflexion only "WORKHORSE"

INNERVATION: tibial nerve

Plantaris

ORIGIN: distal femur and ligament of knee capsule (oblique popliteal ligament)

INSERTION: calcaneal tendon

FUNCTION: presumably plantar and knee flexion

INNERVATION: tibial nerve

Popliteus

ORIGIN:

proximal - lateral condyle of femur

INSERTION:

distal - proximal tibia

FUNCTION: assist in pulling lateral meniscus posteriorly, "unlocks" the extended knee at the initiation of flexion --> lateral rotation of femur 5 degrees, stabilizes the knee

INNERVATION: tibial nerve

Flexor Hallucis Longus

ORIGIN: from fibula and interosseous membrane

INSERTION: plantar base of distal phalanx of hallux

FUNCTION: flexes phalangeal joints of hallux when foot off ground AND weakly plantarflexes ankle.

maintain foot conact on ground, support longitudinal arch

INNERVATION: tibial nerve

Flexor Digitorum Longus

ORIGIN: from tibia

INSERTION: plantar surfaces of lateral 4 digits (distal phalanges)

FUNCTION: plantarflexion, flexing 2-4 when foot off ground AND helps maintain foot contact with ground "grips" ground

INNERVATION: tibial nerve

Tibialis Posterior

ORIGIN: between flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallicus longus (tibia and fibula) AND interosseous membrane

INSERTION: navicular (tuberosity) and medial cuneiform

FUNCTION: principal inverter of foot, assist in plantarflexion of ankle, primary support of medial longitudinal arch during weight bearing

INNERVATION: tibial nerve

Extensor Digitorum Brevis (medial portion = Extensor Hallucis Brevis)

ORIGIN: lateral calcaneus

INSERTION:

digitorum -- dorsal digital expansion digits 2-4

hallucis -- dorsal digital expansion digits 1

FUNCTION:

digitorum -- extends digits 2-4

hallucis -- extends digit 1

INNERVATION: deep fibular nerve

Abductor Hallucis

ORIGIN: calcaneal tuberosity

INSERTION: medial side of base of proximal phalanx digit 1

FUNCTION: abducts and flexes great toe

INNERVATION: medial plantar nerve

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

ORIGIN: calcaneal tuberosity

INSERTION: both sides of middle phalanges digit 2-5

FUNCTION: flexes digits 2-5

INNERVATION: medial plantar nerve

Abductor Digiti Minimi

ORIGIN: calcaneal tuberosity

INSERTION: lateral base of proximal phalanx 5

FUNCTION: abducts and flexes digit 5

INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

Quadratus Plantae (Flexor Digitorum Accessorius)

ORIGIN: plantar surface of calcaneus

INSERTION: tendon of flexor digitorum longus

FUNCTION: assists flexor digitorum to flex digits 2-5

INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

Lumbricales

ORIGIN: tendons of flexor digitorum

INSERTION: medial dorsal digital expansion digits 2-5

FUNCTION: flex MTP, extends proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

INNERVATION:

lumbrical 1: medial plantar nerve

lumbricals 2-5: lateral plantar nerve

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

ORIGIN: plantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

INSERTION: proximal phalanx digit 1

FUNCTION: flexes MTP joint of digit 1

INNERVATION: medial plantar nerve

Adductor Hallucis (transverse and oblique heads)

ORIGIN:

oblique head -- base of metatarsals 2-4

transverse head -- MTP joints

INSERTION: lateral side, base of phalanx 1

FUNCTION: adducts digit 1

INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

ORIGIN: base of metatarsal 5

INSERTION: proximal phalanx digit 5

FUNCTION: Flex digit 5

INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

Interossei Dorsales

ORIGIN: adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

INSERTION: medial side of dorsal digital expansions digits 2-4

FUNCTION: abducts digits 2-4, flexes MTP joitns of 2-4, extends interphalangeal joint digits 2-4

INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

Interossei Plantares

ORIGIN: bases, medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

INSERTION: medial sides of dorsal digital expansions digits 3-5

FUNCTION: adducts digits 3-5, flexes MTP joints 3-5, extends interphalangeal joints of digits 3-5

INNERVATION: lateral plantar nerve

Obliquus Externus Abdominis

ORIGIN: outer surfaces of ribs 5-12

INSERTION: iliac crest, linea alba

FUNCTION: compress abdominal contents

alone: lateral flexion/rotation of trunk

together: flexion of trunk

INNERVATION: ventral rami

Internal Oblique

ORIGIN: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament

INSERTION: ribs 9-12, linea alba, pubic crest, pectineal line

FUNCTION: compress abdominal contents

alone: lateral flexion/rotation of trunk

together: flexion of trunk

INNERVATION: ventral rami

Transversus Abdominis

ORIGIN: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, costal cartilage rib 7-12

INSERTION: linea alba, pubic crest and pectineal line

FUNCTION: compress abdominal contents

INNERVATION: ventral rami

Rectus Abdominis

ORIGIN: pubic crest, tubercle, and symphysis

INSERTION: costal cartilage ribs 5-7, xyphoid process

FUNCTION: compress abdominal contents, flex vertebral column

INNERVATION: ventral rami

Pyramidalis

ORIGIN: pubic crest, tubercle and symphysis

INSERTION: linea alba

FUNCTION: tense linea alba

INNERVATION: ventral ramus t12