U.S. History - Final Test (Great Depression-Today)

What was a big problem for many Americans at the start of the Great Depression?

Many people lost their jobs.

What did the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) do?

Gave loans to banks and businesses.

How did many Americans feel about Hoover's actions with the Bonus Army?

He seemed uncaring to struggling people.

What did Roosevelt believe the role of government should be with his "New Deal"?

The government should take action to help people.

The laws passed in Roosevelt's first "One Hundred Days" were mostly...

Focused on helping people and reforming problems.

What part of Hoover's leadership is Roosevelt criticizing?

Not creating enough jobs for unemployed people.

Which New Deal program employed people to build public infrastructure (bridges, roads, and schools)?

Works Progress Administration (WPA).

How did World War 2 affect the U.S. economy at home?

The economy grew quickly with more jobs.

How were many African Americans' experiences different from Navajo Code Talkers?

African Americans faced segregation; Navajo Code Talkers helped with secret messages.

What effect did U.S. trade limits (sanctions and embargoes) have on Japan?

They helped lead Japan to attack Pearl Harbor.

Why was Pearl Harbor a turning point for the United States?

It led the U.S. to join the war.

Which statement about Japanese American internment is NOT true?

The Supreme Court said it was unconstitutional (illegal).

Why were Japanese Americans put into internment camps?

Many people feared they might not be loyal.

What did the Supreme Court decide in Korematsu v. United States?

The government could intern people during wartime.

What was the main goal of wartime rationing?

To control use of goods and support the war effort.

NATO and the Warsaw Pact were...

Different military alliances for the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

What was McCarthyism?

Accusing people of communism without strong proof.

The Bay of Pigs was a failed attempt to overthrow...

Fidel Castro in Cuba.

Who launched Sputnik, the first satellite?

The Soviet Union.

What happened after the Cuban Missile Crisis?

The U.S. and the USSR improved communication.

What was the goal of détente?

Reduce tension through agreements.

Who were the "doves" and "hawks" during Vietnam?

Doves wanted peace; hawks wanted stronger war action.

What does "credibility gap" mean?

People did not trust what the government said.

Why were Jim Crow laws created in the Southern United States?

To keep Black and white people separated after Reconstruction ended.

Why was Rosa Parks's refusal to give up her bus seat in 1955 important?

It started a bus boycott that used peaceful protest to challenge segregation.

How did sit-ins and Freedom Rides show both success and challenges in the Civil Rights Movement?

They used peaceful protests to fight segregation, but people faced violence, and change was slow.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 do?

It stopped discrimination in public places and jobs for people of different races.

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1968 do?

It made it illegal to treat people unfairly when buying or renting housing.

How did many 1960s groups win changes?

Protests, organizing, and political pressure.

What happened as feminist groups became more visible?

Some new laws about equality were passed.

What cultural change came from Woodstock and similar events?

More acceptance of new lifestyles and fashion.

What event started the modern LGBTQ+ rights movement?

The Stonewall riots in 1969.

What was the "New Left"?

A movement for democracy and social change.

What was the main goal of the American Indian Movement (AIM)?

Protect culture and gain self-determination.

How did Cesar Chavez and farm workers win in 1975?

Boycotts that pressured employers.

Why did Nixon face impeachment?

He helped cover up the Watergate break-in.

Why did the Watergate break-in happen?

To spy on the Democratic Party.

Why did Daniel Ellsberg leak the Pentagon Papers?

To show leaders were not honest about the war.

Why was the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) created?

People were worried about pollution.

Why did Nixon start the War on Drugs?

To control groups that opposed the war.

Why did Ford pardon Nixon?

To help the country move forward.

What did Roe v. Wade decide?

The Constitution protects privacy in women's decisions on terminating (ending) pregnancy.

What was Carter's main foreign policy goal?

To support human rights.

What was the goal of the National Energy Act?

Use less foreign oil.

What is "stagflation"?

Slow growth, high inflation, high unemployment.

What does Reaganomics suggest (what is the big idea of Reaganomics)?

Helping the rich may help others over time.

What is the main problem with Reaganomics?

Benefits may not reach poorer groups.

What did the New Right focus on?

Social values like family and morality.

What was the Iran-Contra scandal?

Selling weapons to Iran and funding rebels.

What was the goal of the Reykjavik Summit?

Reduce nuclear weapons.

Who carried out the Oklahoma City and Unabomber attacks?

U.S. citizen with anti-government views.

The Internet and email helped develop what?

New communication and technology systems.

Clinton's economic policies led to...

A budget surplus.

Why was Clinton impeached?

Lying under oath about personal actions.

What did the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) do?

Eliminated trade tariffs and barriers between the U.S., Mexico, and Canada.

What happened after the September 11 attacks?

The Department of Homeland Security was created.

Why did the U.S. invade Iraq in 2003?

To stop possible weapons of mass destruction.

What helped cause the Great Recession in 2008?

The housing market collapsed.

What was a goal of the No Child Left Behind Act?

Improve schools with testing and oversight.

What started the War on Terror?

The attacks on September 11, 2001.