Cultural Landscapes (29-32)

Where is the Guggenheim Museum?

Bilbao, Spain

What is the Guggenheim Museum an example of?

Postmodern architecture

How is culture made tangible>

Features of the visible world

What do tangible features of a culture reveal?

The beliefs, identities, and histories of people who live there

What 5 concepts manifest themselves in unique ways IIn different environments?

Language, religion, ethnicity, gender, and the economy

What is a cultural landscape>?

A geographic area including its natural and built environments, and how the narea is shaped by human development and use

What are examples of natural features of a cultural landscape?

Landforms, bodies of water, and ecosystems

What are examples of the built features of a cultural landscape?

Roads, buildings, farms, public spaces, monuments, religious sites

List examples of religious dimensions

Shrines, temples, churches, mosques, synagogues, and sacred places

How does language show itself in a cultural landscape?

Through street signs, street art, graffiti, toponyms, ethnic neighborhoods, syncretic languages, slang languages, etc

Wat 2 categories can architecture be divided into?>

Postmodern and traditional

What characteristics does traditional architecture reflect>?

Longstanding cultural features of a location

What are 2 examples of traditional architecture?

Government buildings in Europe in the Greco-Roman style, and adobe style structure in the American southwest

what is postmodern architecture?

Architecture that is more imaginative an symbolic than traditional architecture which is at times purposefully unconventional

Cultural alndscape communicates the economic use of what>?

Resources and geography in an area

What are examples of how a cultural landscape can communicate an areas economic use>?

Agricultural methods, industrial methods, and land surveying methods

How do Brazil and Thailand’s cultural landscape reflect their economy?

The high density of factories reflect their rapidly industrializing economy

How do cultural landscapes do more than just show current circumstances?

Through a concept known as sequent occupancy

What is sequent occupancy>?

The idea that cultural imprints are left on a place by successive scietes

WHat is an example eof sequent occupancy>:?

Mexico City’s landscape is layered with Aztec, Spanish colonial, and modern urban features

When a landscapes cultural significance is not tangible it can often be what type of landscape?

A symbolic landscape

WHat is a symbolic landscape>?

A place that holds deep felt significance for a culture

What is an example of a symbolic landscape?

Temple Mount in jerusalem which holds immense religious and historical significance for religions

Temple Mount in jerusalem holds significance for which religions>?

Christianity, Judaism, Islam

What contributes to cultural landscape?

Nature, city design, building appearance, religious institutions, land utilization and signs of past occupancy

Cultural landscapes make what invisible features of a place manifest in the visible world>?

Beliefs and attitudes

How can views about gender be made visible in a cultural landscape?

By observing who is seen commuting to work and who runs householeds

How do gender roles shape how public spaces are used?

They can affect what people believe they can do in a public space

How would a culture’s stigma towards female athleticism affect how women and girls use a park?

They may be seen less in parks because of the stigma and fear for their safety as a result of the stigma

What is feminism?

Advocacy for women equality to men

How is feminism made tangible in a cultural landscape?

The creation of women-only spaces, monuments of significnat women, and the visibility ad prominent eof women cultural contributions

What are examples of women only spaces that may exist?

Bookstores or health clinics

What is patriarchy?

The preference for males in a society

How does patriarchy manifest in a cultural landscape?

It can be seen in increased portrayals of women as objects of desire or domestic servants in popular media

How do cultural attitudes about ethnicities present themselves in a landscape?

Concentrated ethnic neighborhoods where signs restaurants, and architecture refer to a shared ethnic origin

What do toponyms reflect?

Artifacts of language, tradition and cultural understanding

What are examples of toponyms

Little Italy in Manhattan NYC, or Koreatown iin Los Angeles

What is an example of how indigenous cultures still manifest in cultural landscape in Australia?

ancient rock art, farming techniques, and sacred sites

What is cultural ecology?

How communities respond to nature through culture

How might a society in an arid region be be affected by cultural ecology?

They might create complex water-sharing rituals

How might a coastal society be affected by cultural ecology?

Center their traditions, diet, and` economy around fishing

What are adaptive strategies?

The ways people adjust their lifestyles according to their environment

What are examples of processes that can be changed by adaptive strategies?

Foraging, agriculture, industrialization and sustainability efforts

What are survey systems?

Strutured ways to divide and describe land

How do survey systems reflect historical and cultural settings?

Long lot surveying was common in French colonial regions, while metes and bounds was common around natural landmarks, etc

A 1×1 mile plot has how many acres?

640 acres

A quarter section is made up of what dimensions>?

½ mile x ½ mile

What is the area of a quarter section?

¼ mi² or 160 acres

A standard plot in the US public survey system is what dimensions?

6 miles by 6 miles

What is the area of a standard plot in the US public survey system?

23,040 (36×640)

What is long lot surveying?

Surveying method that uses long narrow plots that extend along water

Long lot surveying was common in which areas?

Quebec, Canada, and Louisiana

What is Metes and Bounds surveying?

Surveying that uses natural landmarks like forests, mountains, and bodies of water to delineate land

How might metes and bounds surveying be used practically?

To describe that a property runs from an oak tree to the side of a creek on the other side

What is the township and range survey system?

A survey system based on a grid to evenly distribute property lines

What is the rectangular survey system?

It is the nationalized system in the US

What is the rectangular survey system also called>?

Public Land Survey Systeem

What do survey systems reflect?

The values, histories, and priorities of the communities who used the various systems

Globalization causes cultural patterns to shift from what to what?

Folk culture expressiosn to pop culture expressions

Folk clture’s uniqueness allows geographers to do what?

Place and seperate it from other countries

What is an example of folk culture with unique architecture in China?

Forbidden palace

Where is the Forbidden palace?

Beijing, China

Since pop culture tends to homogenize cultural landscapes what happens to differnet locations?

They lose uuniqueness

What are examples of a homogenizing cultural landscape?

Cheap, quickly built residences, big brand stores like Walmart and target, all across various environments make them blend together

What does homogenized cultural landscapes cause in terms of a sense of place>?

It can lead to a sense of placeelessness in globalized areas

Do cultures embrace folk cultural erosion?

It depends on the cultures priorities. Some may embrace their folk culture while some would embrace globalized pop culture norms

What is the Western Balkan region considered?

A shatterbelt

What is ethnic cleansing?

The systematic forced removal of an ethnic, racial, or religious group from an area

What result does ethnic cleansing have on a cultural andscape?

t leaves lasting scores and memories that are visible

What is the Brandenburg Gate an example of?

A location that through place making became a generator for the cultivating of a shared identity and cultural values

Where is the Brandenburg gate?

Berlin Germany

What is the US Holocaust museum an example of?

A Cultural monument that results from ethnic cleansing

What are centrifugal forces?

Factors that divide a state, pulling its population apart and working internal cohesion which includes political violence, social unrest, and revolt

What is the process that occurs when centrifugal forces successfully pull apart a nation?

Balkanization

What is Balkanization?

The fragmentation of a larger state or region into smaller, often hostile, and technically homogenous units

How did balkanization occur in the Soviet Union>?

When it collapsed it broke up into maller states or regions which were ethnically homogenous

When did the Soviet Union collapse>?

1991

What is a cultural shatterbelt?

An unstable region where diverse cultural groups—often with conflicting interests—coexist and interact

Which global region is a prime example of a cultural shatterbelt?

The middle East

What occurs in the middle East that leads to a shatterbelt>?

Intersection of international pwoers and competing cultural, religious, and ethnic interests

Cultural landscape reveals what brings humans __________ and at times drives _______________ _____________

Together; communities apart

Why is the Western Balkan region often considered a shatter belt?`

Divisions across ethnic, religious, and political lines

Croatia is geographically what?

Balkan

Croatia is often excluded from the political grouping of the Western Balkans. True or False

True

Where is Croatia located in relation to the Western Balkan region?

Northwest

The Western Balkan region is East of what major country?

Italy