Chapter 13: the urinary system

ammonia (ah-MOAN-ih-ah)

toxic breakdown product of amino acids (proteins)

-ia

suffix: condition

ammon-

root: ammonia

bladder (BLAD-er)

hollow sac that holds fluid; for example, urine or bile

calyx (KAY-licks)

funnel-shaped structure

calyces (KAY-lih-seez); plural

funnel-shaped structure

calices; syn

funnel-shaped structure

filter (FIL-ter); verb or noun

porous substance used to separate liquids and gases from particulate matter; or to subject a substance to the action of a filter

filtrate (FIL-trate)

liquid that has passed through a filter

filtration (fil-TRAY-shun)

process of passing liquid through a filter

-ate

suffix: composed of, pertaining to

filtr-

root: strain through

-ation

suffix: process

glomerulus (glo-MER-you-lus)

network of capillaries in a nephron

hilum (HIGH-lum)

the opening where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

hila (HIGH-lah); plural

the opening where the nerves and blood vessels enter and leave an organ

kidney (KID-nee)

organ of excretion

nephron (NEF-ron)

filtration unit of the kidney; composed of glomerulus and renal tubule

nephrology (neh-FROL-oh-jee)

medical specialty of diseases of the kidney

nephrologist (neh-FROL-oh-jist)

medical specialist in disorders of the kidney

-logy

suffix: study of

nephr/o-

R/CF: kidney

-logist

suffix: one who studies, specialist

nitrogenous (ni-TRO-jen-us); adjective

containing or generating nitrogen

-ous

suffix: pertaining to

nitr/o-

root: nitrogen

-gen

root: create

renal (REE-nal); adjective

pertaining to the kidney

-al

suffix: pertaining to

ren-

root: kidney

urea (you-REE-ah)

end product of nitrogen metabolism

ureter (you-REE-ter)

tube that connects each kidney to the urinary bladder

ureteral (you-ree-TER-al)

pertaining to the ureter

ureter-

root: ureter

urine (YUR-in)

fluid and dissolved substances excreted by the kidney

urinary (YUR-in-ary); adjective

pertaining to urine

urinate (YUR-in-ate); verb

to pass urine

urination (yur-ih-NAY-shun)

process of passing urine

-ary

suffix: pertaining to

urin-

root: urine

urology (yur-ROL-oh-jee)

medical specialty that studies the urinary system

urologist (yur-ROL-oh-jist)

specialist in urology

urological (yur-roh-LOJ-ik-al)

pertaining to urology

ur/o-

R/CF: urinary system

-ical

suffix: pertaining to

diuretic (die-you-RET-ik); adjective

agent that increases urine output

diuresis (die-you-REE-sis); noun

excretion of large volume of urine

-etic

suffix: pertaining to

di(a)-

prefix: complete

-esis

suffix: condition

glomerulonephritis (glo-MER-you-low-nef-RYE-tis)

infection of the glomeruli of the kidney

-itis

suffix: inflammation

glomerul/o-

R/CF: glomerulus

hematuria (he-mah-TYU-ree-ah)

blood in the urine

-uria

suffix: urine

hemat-

root: blood

nephrectomy (neh-FREK-toe-me)

surgical removal of a kidney

-ectomy

suffix: surgical excision

nephroblastoma (NEF-roh-blas-TOE-mah)

cancerous kidney tumor of childhood

Wilms tumor (WILMZ TOO-mor)

cancerous kidney tumor of childhood

-oma

suffix: tumor

-blast

root: immature cell

nephropathy (neh-FROP-ah-thee)

any disease of the kidney

-pathy

suffix: disease

nephrotic syndrome (neh-FROT-ik SIN-drohm)

glomerular disease with marked loss of protein

nephrosis (neh-FROH-sis)

glomerular disease with marked loss of protein

-tic

suffix: pertaining to

-osis

suffix: condition

pyelogram (PIE-eh-oh-gram)

x-ray image of renal pelvis and ureters using contrast media

-gram

suffix: record, recording

pyel/o-

R/CF: renal pelvis

anuria (an-YOU-ree-ah)

absence of urine production

an-

prefix: a lack of, no

ur-

root: urine

dialysis (die-AL-ih-sis)

an artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water from the body

hemodialysis (HE-moh-die-AL-ih-sis)

an artificial method of filtration to remove excess waste materials and water directly from the blood

-lysis

suffix: destruction, to separate

hem/o-

R/CF: blood

nephritis (neh-FRY-tis)

inflammation of the kidney

oliguria (ol-ih-GYUR-ee-ah)

scanty production of urine

olig-

prefix/root: scanty

polycystic (pol-ee-SIS-tik)

composed of many cysts

-ic

suffix: pertaining to

poly-

prefix: many

cyst-

root: sac, bladder, cyst

pyelonephritis (PIE-eh-loh-neh-FRY-tis)

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis

sibling (SIB-ling)

brother or sister

sib-

root: relative

-ling

suffix: small

transplant (TRANZ-plant)

the act of transferring tissue from one person to another

trans-

prefix: across

-plant

root: insert, plant

uremia (you-REE-me-ah)

the complex of symptoms arising from renal failure

-emia

suffix: a blood condition

calculus (KAL-kyu-lus)

small stone

calculi (KAL-kyu-lie); plural

small stone

dipstick (DIP-stik)

a strip of plastic or paper bearing squares of reagent that change color to indicate presence of chemicals

extracorporeal (EKS-tra-kor-POH-ree-al)

outside the body

-eal

suffix: pertaining to

extra-

prefix: outside