6.2.2 WHAP: Imperialism (China)

1644-1911

Qing Dynasty

1839-1842

First Opium War

1850

Taiping Rebellion

1914-1918

World War I

Imperialism

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically, socially, and economically.

Nationalism

A sense of unity binding the people of a state together; devotion to the interests of a particular country or nation, an identification with the state and an acceptance of national goals.

The West

A group of highly developed countries; initially consisting of Western Europe (Britain, France, Germany, etc), later including the United States

Spanish Empire

1400s- Late 1900s. Made up of territories and colonies in Europe, Africa, and Asia controlled from Spain. At its strongest, it was one of the biggest empires in world history according to how much land they had, and one of the 1st global empires. Royalty from the Castile and Aragon kingdoms ruled it. Christopher Colombus led the first Spanish exploration trip which led them to colonizing America.

Portuguese Empire

took an early lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry); went East and established trading posts in West Africa, East Africa (Swahili City States) and India for spice trade

British Empire

What is now the United Kingdom and all the territories and colonies under its control; this empire consisted of Australia, Canada, India, New Zealand and vast portions of Africa

Indirect Rule

Colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status

Direct Rule

Colonial government in which local elites are removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the mother country

Settlement Colony

Large groups of people from the parent country living together in a new place with the colonized people

Protectorate

A country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country.

Dominion

A nation (such as Canada) allowed to govern its own domestic affairs though technically tied to a mother country

Sphere of Influence

Area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges

Social Darwinism

A description often applied to the late 19th century belief of people such as Herbert Spencer and others who argued that "survival of the fittest" justifies the competition of laissez-faire capitalism and imperialist policies.

White Man's Burden

Idea that many European countries had a duty to spread their religion and culture to those less civilized

Qing Dynasty

Also known as the Manchu Dynasty. Trade with Europe was controlled by them. They also tried to stop the flow of opium into china, and they ordered the foreign merchants to obey the Chinese laws. This eventually led to war. At about 1860, it appeared on the verge of collapse but still held on for a few more years.

Tributary System

A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China.

Kowtow

A former Chinese custom of touching the ground with the forehead as a sign of respect or submission

Balance of Trade

the difference between a country's total exports and total imports

Opium War

War between Britain and the Qing Empire that was, in the British view, occasioned by the Qing government's refusal to permit the importation of opium into its territories; the victorious British imposed the one-sided Treaty of Nanking on China.

Treaty of Nanking

1842 agreement ending the Opium War between China and England and giving the English control of Hong Kong and regional ports, as well as awarding the British citizens extraterritoriality rights.

Extraterritoriality

Right of foreigners to be protected by the laws of their own nation.

Taiping Rebellion

most devastating revolt in history. the leader, Hong Xiuquan called for an end to the Qing dynasty. and lasted for 14 years and between 20 million and 30 million chinese were killed.

Open Door Policy

A policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China.

Boxer Rebellion

a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there.