BY124L - Exam 3 Models and Specimens

Name: skeletal muscle

For the following model, give the following:

1) name

Name: skeletal muscle (X-sec.)

For the following model, give the following:

1) name

Name: smooth muscle

Structures:

1) nucleus

For the following model, give the following:

1) name

2) structures in numerical order

Name: cardiac muscle

Structures:

1) branching

2) intercalated disc

For the following model, give the following:

1) name

2) structures in numerical order

Name: bull testicle

For the following specimen, give the following:

1) name

Name: pig ovary

For the following specimen, give the following:

1) name

Stage: fertilization

Meoitic Stage: Meiosis II

Structures:

1) animal pole (dark)

2) vegetal pole (light)

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) meiotic stage of the egg before sperm nucleus combines with the egg

3) structures in numerical order

Stage: 1st cleavage

Type: polar/vertical

Structures:

1) gray crescent

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) cleavage type

3) structures in numerical order

Stage: 2nd cleavage

Type: polar/vertical

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) cleavage type

blastomere

Each cell produced from cleavage is known as a...

Stage: 8 cell

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

Stage: 16 cell

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

Stage: morula

Structures:

1) blastocoel

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) circled structure

Stage: morula (continued development of blastocoel)

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

Stage: blastula

Structures:

1) ectoderm

2) dorsal lip

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: gastrulation

Structures:

1) archenteron

2) undifferentiated mesoderm

3) yolk cells

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: gastrulation (cont.)

Structures:

1) ectoderm

2) mesoderm

3) endoderm

4) archenteron

5) yolk plug

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation

Structures:

1) neural plate (gives rise to neural groove and neural crest)

2) to-be notochord

3) shrinking yolk plug

4) blastopore

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation (cont.)

Structures:

1) neural crest

2) neural groove

3) blastopore (nearly free of yolk)

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation (cont.)

Structures:

1) neural crests

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation (cont.)

Structures:

1) oral plate (where ecto- and endoderm fuse to form oral cavity)

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation (cont.)

Structures:

1) region of brain and spinal cord formation

2) notochord

3) cells that will become heart tissue

4) cells that will become liver

5) to-be hypophysis (pituitary gland)

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation (cont.)

Structures:

1) mouth

2) to-be pharynx

3) anal opening

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation (cont.)

Structures:

1) brain

2) somites

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

2) structures in numerical order

Stage: neurulation (continued embryo elongation)

For the following model, give the following:

1) stage of embryonic development

Name: neuron

Structures:

1) cell body

2) dendrite

3) axon

4) cell membrane

5) nuclear membrane

6) nucleolus

7) chromatin

8) rough ER

9) smooth ER

10) golgi complex

11) mitochondrion

12) synapse

13) myelin sheath

14) Ranvier node

15) Schwann cell

For the following model, give the following:

1) name

2) structures in numerical order

Name: brain (longitudinal view)

Name the model

hypothalamus

- makes oxytocin and ADH, produces releasing-hormones that cause the hypophysis to release its hormones

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

pituitary gland

- manufactures a wide array of hormones (except for posterior pituitary, which stores oxytocin and ADH)

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

pons

- helps medulla oblongata with its functions

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

medulla oblongata

- controls autonomic/homeostatic functions including:

1) swallowing

2) breathing

3) digestion

4) heart rate

5) vomiting

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

brainstem

medulla oblongata + pons =

cerebrum (all of the brain's lobes combined)

Label the structure covered in blue ink

pineal gland

- manufactures melatonin, an important hormone in the management of biological rhythms

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

cerebellum

- coordinating movement and balance

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

skin

Name the model

Merkel's discs/tactile discs

- allow for discriminative touch

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

hair

Label the structure covered in blue ink

sebaceous gland

- secretes sebum into hair shaft to waterproof and lubricate skin and hair

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

Meissner's corpuscle

- allow for discriminative touch

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

sweat gland

- secretes sweat

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

Pacinian corpuscle

- detecting pressure/sustained touch

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

Ruffini's end organ

- heat sensation

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

End bulb of Kraus

- cold sensation

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

eye

Name the model

fovea

- concentrated area of cones that gives us sharp sight in the center of our visual field

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

retina

- innermost eyeball layer that contains rods and cones

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

ciliary bodies

Label the structure covered in blue ink

choroid

- pigmented inner eye layer responsible for "night shine" in nocturnal mammals

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

iris

- pigmented muscle that surrounds the pupil

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

vitreous humor

- jellylike material that occupies the area behind the lens; most of eye volume

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

optic nerve

Label the structure covered in blue ink

lens

- hardened structure behind cornea that helps focus light onto the retina

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

cornea

- front of the eye where sclera becomes transparent

Label the structure covered in blue ink and define it

pupil

- hole in center of iris that allows light into the eye

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

ear

Name the model

semi-circular canals ("pretzel rings"; contain ciliated epithelium)

- detect position of the head, giving our sense of balance

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

cochlea

- snail-shaped structure that contains hair cells used for sound detection

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

stirrup (stapes)

- 3rd bone of middle ear that attaches to the oval window

Label the structure covered in blue ink and define it

Eustachian tube

- connects middle ear with pharynx, allowing for equalized air pressure of the middle ear with the atmosphere

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

eardrum/tympanic membrane

- membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves

Label the structure covered in blue ink and define it

hammer (malleus)

- 1st bone of middle ear; directly attaches to eardrum

Label the structure covered in blue ink and define it

anvil (incus)

- 2nd bone of middle ear b/w hammer and stirrup

Label the structure covered in blue ink and define it

auditory canal

- passage from outside to eardrum

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

pinna

- external ear surface that funnels sound

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

cochlea

Name the model

tectorial membrane

Label the structure covered in blue ink

vestibular canal

- upper canal of cochlea

Label the structure covered in blue ink and define it

tympanic canal

- lower canal of cochlea

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

hair cells

Label the structure covered in blue ink

cochlear duct

Label the structure covered in blue ink

air, fluid

The outer and middle ears are filled with ________ and the inner ear is filled with __________

lower pitch

Vibration of a long hair cell will produce sound with a....

higher pitch

Vibration of a short hair cell will produce sound with a....

skin

Name the model

Meissner's corpuscle

- allow for discriminative touch

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

Ruffini's end organ

- heat sensation

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

Pacinian corpuscle

- detecting pressure/sustained touch

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

End bulb of Kraus

- cold sensation

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

Merkel's discs/tactile discs

- allow for discriminative touch

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

nociceptor (naked dendrites in skin epidermis)

- responds to pain

Label the structure covered in blue ink and give a function

pig pancreas

Name the specimen

pregnant pig uterus

Name the specimen

Structures:

1) hypophysis

2) thyroid gland

3) adrenal glands

4) testis

5) pancreas

6) parathyroid glands

7) ovary

Label each of the structures in numerical order

kidney nephron

Name the model

proximal convoluted tubule

Label the circled structure

Loop of Henle

Label the circled structure

descending limb

Label the circled structure

ascending limb

Label the circled structure

distal convoluted tubule

Label the circled structure

collecting duct

Label the circled structure

glomerulus in Bowman's capsule

What is this?

kidney

Name the model

cortex

Label the indicated structure

renal artery

Label the circled structure

renal vein

Label the circled structure

renal pelvis

Label the circled structure

medulla w/ pyramid

Label the circled structure

testis

Label the structure

contorted seminiferous tubules

Label the structure