BNUT111 - week 1 : basic concepts in nutrition

food

refers to all the solid and liquid materials taken into the digestive tract for use of the human body

chemicals

either elements of food and the energy these chemicals contain are the two main features in the study of nutrition and biochemistry

either elements or compounds

inorganic substances

all cells contain an abundance of ____ , such as O2 and CO2 | soluble salts K+ and Na+ | insoluble salts CaPO3 | water

organic substances

molecules of life

carbon

____ the primary requisite for all living systems

physiological functions of food

to provide energy, build and repair body tissues, and regulate processes

human physiology

the study of normal functioning of the human body

biochemistry

the study of chemical process that go on in living matter. it is a field where principles of biology, chemistry and physics are applied

fundamental properties of living matter

Growth

Reproduction

Metabolism

Irritability

cell

the fundamental unit/smallest unit of living matter (life)

100 trillion

living organisms are composed of as many as ____ cells

mitochondria

site for TCA, oxidations of pyruvic acids fatty acids and amino acids; synthesis of fatty acids; and electron transport & oxidative phosphorylation

lysosome

digestive part and autolysis

endoplasmic reticulum

granular and agranular, CHON secretion, lipid secretion, release of glucose

centrioles

cell reproduction

golgi bodies

temporary storage of secretory substances

cytoplasmic matrix or ground material

cell structure, maintenance intracellular stability and movement; AA are activated for CHON synthesis; and glycosis

function of the cell

transport of substances thru the cell membrane

diffusion (function of cell)

- simple (passive, pores)

- facilitated (carrier mediated)

active transport (function of cell)

uphill phenomenon

endocytosis (function of cell)

pinocytosis and phagocytosis

energy metabolism

includes all the chemical reactions that supply energy for the cell to function.

ATP

energy currency of the cell

pinocytosis

amoeboid or chemotaxic

the movement of cells towards chemical stimulus