Chapter 5

Sporangiospores

________: formed by successive cleavages within a sporangium (sac)

General Worm Morphology

________: developed reproductive tract; primitive organ systems; thick cuticle; mouth glands.

Life Cycle of protozoan

________: trophozoite, cell dries and losses motility, cell matures into a cyst.

Conidiospores Conidia

________: free spores not enclosed by sac.

Parasitic Helminths

________: tapeworms, flukes, roundworms, all can become meters long.

Protist

________: any unicellular or colonial organism lacking tissues.

Plankton

________ are the version of algae: freshwater.

Fungi

________ are to corn and grain: pathogenic.

Helminth Classification

________: shape, size, organ complexity, mode of reproduction, hosts, eggs and larvae.

Mycelium

________: Mass if hyphae that makes up body or colony of mold.

Parasitology

________: study of protozoa and helminths.

Cyst

________: dormant stage formed during unfavorable conditions; pathogenic.

Protozoans

________ can reproduce: by mitosis, fission, or sexual reproduction.

Septa

________: hyphae divided into segments or cross wall.

Saprobe

________: obtain substrates from dead organisms.

Trophozoite

________: motile /feeding stage requires food and moisture.

Fungal spores

________ are while bacterial spores are: reproductive and nonreproductive.

Amoeboid Protozoa

________: mostly amoeba, fission, uninucleate, encyst, free- living and non infectious.

Dimorphic fungi cells

________: can be in a yeast cell or hyphae form.

Cestodes sexes

________ have reproductive morphology: hermaphroditic.

Cilia Protozoans

________: cilia tufts, encyst, macro and micronuclei, transverse fission, free- living and harmless.

Flagellar Protozoa

________: single nucleus, syngamy, form cysts and free living.

Yeast cells

________ are what shape and how do they reproduce: round; asexually.

Trematodes sexes

________ have reproductive morphology: hermaphroditic.

Parasites

________: obtain substrates from live organisms.

Compartments of eukaryotic cells and what is in them

external (glycocalyx and appendages), internal (cytoplasm, nucleus, etc

Macroscopic fungi

mushrooms, puffballs, gill fungi

Microscopic fungi

molds, yeasts

Yeast cells are what shape and how do they reproduce

round; asexually

Hyphae

threadlike cells

Pseudo hyphae

chains of yeast that look like hyphae

Dimorphic fungi cells

can be in a yeast cell or hyphae form

Saprobe

obtain substrates from dead organisms

Parasites

obtain substrates from live organisms

Mycelium

Mass if hyphae that makes up body or colony of mold

Septa

hyphae divided into segments or cross wall

Spores

fungal reproductive bodies

Types of growth in fungi

growth of hyphae; fragmentation (separated piece of mycelium) ; primary reproductive mode (spore formation)

Sporangiospores

formed by successive cleavages within a sporangium (sac)

Conidiospores/Conidia

free spores not enclosed by sac

Purpose of sexual spores

genetic variation

Identification of fungi

asexual spore forming structures; hyphal type; colony texture; etc

Primary pathogenic fungi

attack healthy people

Opportunistic pathogenic fungi

attack sickly people

Other medical conditions caused by fungi

allergies and neurological conditions due to toxins

Fungal spores are while bacterial spores are

reproductive and nonreproductive

Fungi are to corn and grain

pathogenic

Subkingdoms of Protista

Algae and Protozoa

Protist

any unicellular or colonial organism lacking tissues

Algae and protozoa exhibit all/most organelles

eukaryotic

Plankton are the ____ version of algae

freshwater

Most protozoa are ____ to humans

harmless

Protozoa are heterotrophic and are either ____or ____

free-living or parasitic

Locomotion in protozoa

pseudopods, flagella, cilia

Life Cycle of protozoan

trophozoite, cell dries and losses motility, cell matures into a cyst

Trophozoite

motile/feeding stage requires food and moisture

Cyst

dormant stage formed during unfavorable conditions; pathogenic

Some protozoan can exist only exist as or can __ and this dictates

trophozoite or alternate and transmission

Protozoans can reproduce

by mitosis, fission, or sexual reproduction

Flagellar Protozoa

single nucleus, syngamy, form cysts and free living

Amoeboid Protozoa

mostly amoeba, fission, uninucleate, encyst, free-living and non infectious

Cilia Protozoans

cilia tufts, encyst, macro and micronuclei, transverse fission, free-living and harmless

Parasitology

study of protozoa and helminths

Pathogenic Flagellar Protozoa

Trypanosoma brucei (African sleeping disease) , Trypanosoma cruzi (chagas disease); long crescent shaped with one flagella

Pathogenic Amoeboid Protozoa

Entamoeba histolytica (ingestion of human feces)

Parasitic Helminths

tapeworms, flukes, roundworms, all can become meters long

General Worm Morphology

developed reproductive tract; primitive organ systems; thick cuticle; mouth glands

Life Cycle of Parasitic Helminth

Egg, Larval (intermediate host), Adult (definitive host)

Nematode sexes have reproductive morphology

different

Trematodes sexes have reproductive morphology

hermaphroditic

Cestodes sexes have reproductive morphology

hermaphroditic

Enterobius vermicularis

pinworm

Helminth Classification

shape, size, organ complexity, mode of reproduction, hosts, eggs and larvae