ACID, BASE, pH, Titrations quiz prep

Compressibility

the measure of how much a given volume of matter decreases when placed under pressure

Pressure

variable to describe the condition of a gas; collision define the pressure of the gas

Temperature

variable to describe the condition of a gas; (273 K when in C)

Volume

variable to describe the condition of a gas

Moles

variable to describe the condition of a gas; amount of gas, number of ____

Arrhenius Acid

compound which ionizes to yield hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution

Arrhenius Base

compound which ionizes to yield hydroxide ions (OH-) in aqueous solution

Molarity

Measure of the concentration of a solute in a solution; M=moles solute/volume of solution

pH

a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is- based on it’s H+ ion concentrations, ranging from 0-14

H+

hydrogren ions, if it starts with this it is a reactant

pOH

The concentration of hydroxide ions (OH^-)

OH-

hydroxide ions, if it ends in this it is a base

Neutralization Reaction

acid and base react in an aqueous solution to produce a salt and a water 

Equivalence Point

point in a neutralization reaction where the # of moles of H+ is equal to the # of moles of OH-

End point

point at which indicator changes color

Tritration

an experiment where a volume of a solution of known concentration is added to a volume of another solution in order to determine its concentration 

M_A x V_a = M_B x V_B

Properties of an acid in aqueous solution

• strong electrolytes- conduct electrical currents (ions)

• sour taste

• change the color of acid/base indicators

• React w/ active metals - hydrogen gas

• React w/ bases- salt components & H2O

  • When equal, will neutralized= ionic compound (salt + water)

• pH less than 7

• burn skin

• Produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water

• Can be weak electrolyte

Properties of a base in aqueous solution

• strong electrolytes- conduct electrical currents (ions)

• bitter taste

• Feels slippery

• change the color of acid/base indicators

• Do not react w/ metals

• React w/ acids - salt + water

• pH greater than 7

• burn skin

• Produce hydroxide ions when dissolve in water

• Can be weak electrolyte

ACIDS

when dissolved in water, dissociate and release H+ ions, thus increasing the hydrogen ion concentration and making the water more acidic. 

BASES

when dissolved in water, would decrease the H+ concentration by causing it to react with the base's OH- ions.

Boyle’s Law

the volume of a given mass of gas varies inversely with the pressure when temperature is kept constant

Charles’s Law

the volume of a given mass of gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas when pressure is kept constant

Gay-Lussac’s Law

The pressure of a given mass of a gas varies directly with the absolute temperature of the gas, when the volume is kept constant

combined gas law

Expresses the relationship between the pressure, volume, and absolute temperature of a fixed amount of gas

(P x V)/T = k & (P₁ x V₁)/T₁ = (P₂ x V₂)/T₂

Ideal Gas Law

predicts the behavior of a gas; a combination of combines gas law (P, V, T) and Avogadro’s Law (V, P, n)

P V=nRT

calculation for pH

pH = -log[H⁺]

[H⁺] = 10^-pH