Advanced Photography

What is the inverse square law?

Light intensity decreases with the square of the distance

What does the inverse square law affect?

Light falloff and exposure

What is diffraction?

Loss of sharpness at very small apertures

When does diffraction occur?

At high f numbers like f16 or f22

What is chromatic aberration?

Colour fringing caused by lens imperfections

What is lens distortion?

Warping of straight lines in an image

What is vignetting?

Darkening around the edges of a photo

What is a stop of light?

A doubling or halving of light

What is ETTR expose to the right?

Maximising exposure without clipping highlights

Why use ETTR?

To reduce noise and retain detail

What is highlight clipping?

Loss of detail in bright areas

What is shadow clipping?

Loss of detail in dark areas

What is dynamic range in stops?

Difference between darkest and brightest measurable light

What is base ISO?

Lowest ISO with best image quality

What is colour temperature?

Measured in Kelvin affecting warmth or coolness

What is 3200K light?

Warm orange light

What is 5600K light?

Neutral daylight

What is 8000K light?

Cool blue light

What is a grey card?

Tool for accurate white balance

What is metering?

How the camera measures light

What is spot metering?

Measures light from a small area

What is centre weighted metering?

Focuses on the centre of the frame

What is matrix metering?

Evaluates the whole scene

What is bracketing?

Taking multiple exposures at different settings

What is focus stacking?

Combining images for greater depth of field

What is hyperfocal distance?

Focus point maximising depth of field

Why use hyperfocal distance?

To keep foreground and background sharp

What is shutter lag?

Delay between pressing shutter and capture

What is rolling shutter?

Distortion from sensor scanning line by line

What is global shutter?

Captures entire frame at once

What is frame rate?

Number of frames captured per second

What is burst mode?

Continuous shooting at high speed

What is buffer?

Temporary storage for burst images

What is pixel pitch?

Size of individual pixels on a sensor

Why does pixel size matter?

Larger pixels perform better in low light

What is sensor crop factor?

Difference in field of view compared to full frame

What is full frame sensor?

Sensor same size as 35mm film

What is APS C sensor?

Smaller sensor with crop factor

What is depth compression?

Background appears closer with longer focal length

What is lens flare?

Light scattering causing artifacts

How reduce lens flare?

Use lens hood or change angle

What is ghosting?

Repeated light artifacts in lens

What is dynamic compression?

Reducing tonal range in editing

What is colour grading?

Styling colours for mood

What is LUT?

Preset colour grading profile

What is sharpening in post?

Enhancing edge contrast

What is noise reduction?

Reducing grain in editing

What is banding?

Visible steps in gradients

What is bit depth?

Amount of colour information per pixel

What is 8 bit colour?

256 levels per channel

What is 10 bit colour?

1024 levels per channel

Why shoot in RAW professionally?

Greater editing flexibility and dynamic range

What is tethered shooting?

Camera connected directly to computer

What is aspect ratio?

Width to height ratio of image

What is 3 to 2 ratio?

Standard DSLR photo ratio

What is 16 to 9 ratio?

Widescreen format

What is focus breathing?

Change in framing when focusing

What is parfocal lens?

Maintains focus while zooming

What is exposure latitude?

Flexibility in correcting exposure

What is key light?

Main light source

What is fill light?

Light that reduces shadows

What is rim light?

Light outlining the subject

What is high key lighting?

Bright low contrast lighting

What is low key lighting?

Dark high contrast lighting

What is colour space?

Range of colours captured or displayed

What is sRGB?

Standard colour space for web

What is Adobe RGB?

Wider colour space for printing

What is moire?

Pattern interference in fine textures

What is aliasing?

Jagged edges in digital images

What is depth map?

Data showing distance of objects

What is computational photography?

Software enhancing images