Musculoskeletal System Terms: Jarvis Health Assessment

A patient is being assessed for range-of-joint movement. The nurse asks him to move his arm in toward the center of his body. This movement is called:

a.

Flexion.

b.

Abduction.

c.

Adduction.

d.

Extension.

C

A patient tells the nurse that she is having a hard time bringing her hand to her mouth when she eats or tries to brush her teeth. The nurse knows that for her to move her hand to her mouth, she must perform which movement?

a.

Flexion

b.

Abduction

c.

Adduction

d.

Extension

A

3. The functional units of the musculoskeletal system are the:

a.

Joints.

b.

Bones.

c.

Muscles.

d.

Tendons.

A

Fibrous bands running directly from one bone to another that strengthen the joint and help prevent movement in undesirable directions are called:

a.

Bursa.

b.

Tendons.

c.

Cartilage.

d.

Ligaments.

D

The nurse notices that a woman in an exercise class is unable to jump rope. The nurse is aware that to jump rope, one's shoulder has to be capable of:

a.

Inversion.

b.

Supination.

c.

Protraction.

d.

Circumduction.

D

The articulation of the mandible and the temporal bone is known as the:

a.

Intervertebral foramen.

b.

Condyle of the mandible.

c.

Temporomandibular joint.

d.

Zygomatic arch of the temporal bone.

C

The nurse is explaining to a patient that there are shock absorbers in his back to cushion the spine and to help it move. The nurse is referring to his:

a.

Vertebral column.

b.

Nucleus pulposus.

c.

Vertebral foramen.

d.

Intervertebral disks.

D

The nurse is checking the range of motion in a patient's knee and knows that the knee is capable of which movement(s)?

a.

Flexion and extension

b.

Supination and pronation

c.

Circumduction

d.

Inversion and eversion

A

A patient is visiting the clinic for an evaluation of a swollen, painful knuckle. The nurse notices that the knuckle above his ring on the left hand is swollen and that he is unable to remove his wedding ring. This joint is called the _________ joint.

a.

Interphalangeal

b.

Tarsometatarsal

c.

Metacarpophalangeal

d.

Tibiotalar

C

An 85-year-old patient comments during his annual physical examination that he seems to be getting shorter as he ages. The nurse should explain that decreased height occurs with aging because:

a.

Long bones tend to shorten with age.

b.

The vertebral column shortens.

c.

A significant loss of subcutaneous fat occurs.

d.

A thickening of the intervertebral disks develops.

B

A patient has been diagnosed with osteoporosis and asks the nurse, "What is osteoporosis?" The nurse explains that osteoporosis is defined as:

a.

Increased bone matrix.

b.

Loss of bone density.

c.

New, weaker bone growth.

d.

Increased phagocytic activity.

B

The nurse is teaching a class on preventing osteoporosis to a group of perimenopausal women. Which of these actions is the best way to prevent or delay bone loss in this group?

a.

Taking calcium and vitamin D supplements

b.

Taking medications to prevent osteoporosis

c.

Performing physical activity, such as fast walking

d.

Assessing bone density annually

C

A patient is complaining of pain in his joints that is worse in the morning, better after he moves around for a while, and then gets worse again if he sits for long periods. The nurse should assess for other signs of what problem?

a.

Tendinitis

b.

Osteoarthritis

c.

Rheumatoid arthritis

d.

Intermittent claudication

C

A patient states, "I can hear a crunching or grating sound when I kneel." She also states that "it is very difficult to get out of bed in the morning because of stiffness and pain in my joints." The nurse should assess for signs of what problem?

a.

Crepitation

b.

Bone spur

c.

Loose tendon

d.

Fluid in the knee joint

A

A patient is able to flex his right arm forward without difficulty or pain but is unable to abduct his arm because of pain and muscle spasms. The nurse should suspect:

a.

Crepitation.

b.

Rotator cuff lesions.

c.

Dislocated shoulder.

d.

Rheumatoid arthritis.

B

A professional tennis player comes into the clinic complaining of a sore elbow. The nurse will assess for tenderness at the:

a.

Olecranon bursa.

b.

Annular ligament.

c.

Base of the radius.

d.

Medial and lateral epicondyle.

D

The nurse suspects that a patient has carpal tunnel syndrome and wants to perform the Phalen test. To perform this test, the nurse should instruct the patient to:

a.

Dorsiflex the foot.

b.

Plantarflex the foot.

c.

Hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrists 90 degrees for 60 seconds.

d.

Hyperextend the wrists with the palmar surface of both hands touching, and wait for 60 seconds.

C

An 80-year-old woman is visiting the clinic for a checkup. She states, "I can't walk as much as I used to." The nurse is observing for motor dysfunction in her hip and should ask her to:

a.

Internally rotate her hip while she is sitting.

b.

Abduct her hip while she is lying on her back.

c.

Adduct her hip while she is lying on her back.

d.

Externally rotate her hip while she is standing.

B

During an examination, the nurse asks a patient to bend forward from the waist and notices that the patient has lateral tilting. When his leg is raised straight up, the patient complains of a pain going down his buttock into his leg. The nurse suspects:

a.

Scoliosis.

b.

Meniscus tear.

c.

Herniated nucleus pulposus.

d.

Spasm of paravertebral muscles.

C

A 40-year-old man has come into the clinic with complaints of extreme pain in his toes. The nurse notices that his toes are slightly swollen, reddened, and warm to the touch. His complaints would suggest:

a.

Osteoporosis.

b.

Acute gout.

c.

Ankylosing spondylitis.

d.

Degenerative joint disease.

B

A 68-year-old woman has come in for an assessment of her rheumatoid arthritis, and the nurse notices raised, firm, nontender nodules at the olecranon bursa and along the ulna. These nodules are most commonly diagnosed as:

a.

Epicondylitis.

b.

Gouty arthritis.

c.

Olecranon bursitis.

d.

Subcutaneous nodules.

D

A woman who has had rheumatoid arthritis for years is starting to notice that her fingers are drifting to the side. The nurse knows that this condition is commonly referred to as:

a.

Radial drift.

b.

Ulnar deviation.

c.

Swan-neck deformity.

d.

Dupuytren contracture.

B

A patient who has had rheumatoid arthritis for years comes to the clinic to ask about changes in her fingers. The nurse will assess for signs of what problems?

a.

Heberden nodes

b.

Bouchard nodules

c.

Swan-neck deformities

d.

Dupuytren contractures

C

A patient's annual physical examination reveals a lateral curvature of the thoracic and lumbar segments of his spine; however, this curvature disappears with forward bending. The nurse knows that this abnormality of the spine is called:

a.

Structural scoliosis.

b.

Functional scoliosis.

c.

Herniated nucleus pulposus.

d.

Dislocated hip.

B

When assessing muscle strength, the nurse observes that a patient has complete range of motion against gravity with full resistance. What grade of muscle strength should the nurse record using a 0- to 5-point scale?

a. 2

b. 3

c. 4

d. 5

D

The nurse should use which test to check for large amounts of fluid around the patella?

a.

Ballottement

b.

Tinel sign

c.

Phalen test

d.

McMurray test

A

A patient tells the nurse that, "All my life I've been called 'knock knees'." The nurse knows that another term for knock knees is:

a.

Genu varum.

b.

Genu valgum.

c.

Pes planus.

d.

Metatarsus adductus.

B

A man who has had gout for several years comes to the clinic with a problem with his toe. On examination, the nurse notices the presence of hard, painless nodules over the great toe; one has burst open with a chalky discharge. This finding is known as:

a.

Callus.

b.

Plantar wart.

c.

Bunion.

d.

Tophi.

D

The nurse is assessing the joints of a woman who has stated, "I have a long family history of arthritis, and my joints hurt." The nurse suspects that she has osteoarthritis. Which of these are symptoms of osteoarthritis? Select all that apply. (3)

a.

Symmetric joint involvement

b.

Asymmetric joint involvement

c.

Pain with motion of affected joints

d.

Affected joints are swollen with hard, bony protuberances

e.

Affected joints may have heat, redness, and swelling

B, C, D