0.26 war in 1863 (battles)

who won each battle

• First Manassas - confederacy

• Fort Henry + Fort Donelson - union

• Shiloh - union - though seen as a draw by some

• Peninsula campaign / seven days battles - confederacy

• Second Manassas - confederacy

• Antietam - union

• Fredericksburg - confederacy

• Chancellorsville - confederacy

• Gettysburg - union

• Vicksburg - union

• Chickamauga + Chattanooga - union

battles in 1863

• Chancellorsville

• Gettysburg

• Vicksburg

• Chickamauga + Chattanooga

who was involved in Chancellorsville + where

in Virginia - not the west

union

• general ‘fighting’ Joe Hooker

• 130,000 man army

• 17,000 casualties

confederacy

• general Lee

• 60,000 man army

• 13,000 casualties

what happened in Chancellorsville

confederate victory

Hooker wanted to capture Richmond - he planned a surprise attack while parts of the army stayed in Fredericksburg

Lee divided his troops - also sending Jackson in

(jackson was shot in the arm by his own men when inspecting battlefield - arm amputated, contracted pneumonia and died) death of Stonewall Jackson

Hooker retreated

lee’s offensive strategy was very successful

successes / failures

successes

union

• 2x size of army

confederacy

• divided his troops

failures

union

• strategy used by Hooker, if he used offensive strategy rather than defensive, he could have prevented Lee from being able to split his army

effect of Chancellorsville

death of Stonewall Jackson - cast a shadow for the confederacy - though there morale was sky high, with strong confederate victory, inflicting many more casualties for the union who had over double the sized army

very large loss for the union

who was involved in Gettysburg + where

also not in the west - 1863

union

• general Meade

• 94,000 man army

• 23,000 casualties

confederate

• general Lee, Longstreet, Pickett

• 71,000 man army

• 28,000 casualties

what happened at Gettysburg

Lee insisted on invasion of Pennsylvania as he convinced any victories on northern soil would force Lincoln to accept southern independence - Davis said this was a bad idea, but Lee insisted anyway

Lee advanced north, Hooker tried following but was unsure of where he was heading

day 1: confederate victory forcing union retreat

day 3: stalemate - but almost confederate victory again

day 3: union victory - main attack launched by Lee

effect of Gettysburg

in 3 days Lee lost 1/3 of his command and retreated, accepting full responsibility, handed resignation but Davis refused to accept it

serious defeat for the confederacy

Lee was never again strong enough to launch a major invasion of the north - + even if he had won he wouldn’t have been able to hold any northern city + would have to retreat anyway

huge boost in morale for the union

very bad for the confederacy - low moral and high soldier losses

was Gettysburg a turning point in the war

was a major defeat for the confederacy - had never been so broken and was a huge boost for the north

lee never strong enough to launch invasion of north again

but - not turning point as

• doesn’t make confederate defeat decisive - war continues for 2 more years

• if he had won, he couldn’t have held a single northern city and would’ve had to retreat

• with other events (in the west) union moral was unlikely to collapse

• meade was unable to follow up his victory

who was involved in Vicksburg

union

• general Grant

• lost 4,500

confederacy

• general John Pemberton

• lost 32,400

what happened at Vicksburg

Grant wanted to capture Vicksburg

marched his army down the west side of Mississippi and relied on ironclad fleet sailing past Vicksburg

then they were ferried across the Mississippi

grant mostly ignored his lines of communications and cut inland winning several battles and finally besieged Virginia

confederate troops in Vicksburg surrendered

captured Port Hudson - which meant the confederacy was split in two

effects of Vicksburg

major victory for Union - especially given the timing with Gettysburg

two serious defeats for the confederacy in a short space of time

boost morale for union, dampen morale for confederacy

what is importance of Chickamauga + Chattanooga

overlooked

very significant - large chunks taken by the confederacy

Chickamauga - significant confederate victory against large union

Chattanooga - in the west

september + november 1863

who was involved in Chickamauga + Chattanooga

union

• general Rosecrans then Grant at the siege of Chattanooga

• 60,000 man army at Chickamauga and 72,000 at Chattanooga

• only slightly less than confederacy at both

confederacy

• general Bragg

• 65,000 at Chickamauga and 49,000 at Chattanooga

who does Chickamauga and Chattanooga show about leadership

improvement of union leadership

cementing Grant as a very able commander, then given higher powers and control

what happened at Chickamauga + Chattanooga

union

Rosecrans ordered troops to close gap that wasn’t there which created a real gap for the confederates to close in on

Bragg came close to winning decisive victory at battle of Chickamauga, but union army was able to retreat to Chattanooga

Bragg besieged Chattanooga

union defenders so short on food they could have been forced to surreneder

union won - grant seized missionary ridge and rebel forces retreated

when was Vicksburg

the same day as Gettysburg

july 1863

in the west

so major double defeat for the confederacy