GO 259: Unit 5 - Bale & Kaltwasser

GAL-TAN

Green, Alternative, Libertarian

• associated with multiculturalism, cosmopolitanism, environmentalism, social liberalism

Traditional, Authoritarian, Nationalist

• associated with national identity, social conservatism, law and order, and anti-immigration politics

Silent Conter-Revolution

Backlash against the Silent Revolution among voters who feel: culturally displaced, economically marginalized, detached from elites, threatened by immigration/globalization. Associated with: nativism, authoritarianism, welfare chauvinism, Euroscepticism

Mainstream Right

Established center-right parties including: Christian-Democratics, conservatives, liberals. Characteristics: system-loyal, governing experience, accept democratic rules, historically broad catch-all parties, organizationally strong and ideologically flexible

Christian-Democrats

Mainstream right parties historically rooted in church-state cleavages. Typically associated with: pro-European integration, social market economy, and moderate welfare support

Conservatives

Mainstream right actors emphasizing: law and order, national identity, and market-oriented economics (varies)

Liberals

Mainstream right/center actors emphasizing: market liberalism, individual freedom, and often culturally progressive positions

Populist Radical Right

Defined by 3 core ideological elements:

• Nativism - belief that the state should be inhabited only by the native group and that outsiders threaten the nation

• Authoritarianism - preference for strong order, law enforcement, discipline, social conformity

• Populism - view that politics is a struggle between the “pure people” and the “corrupt elite.” They generally accept democracy but reject liberal democracy

Welfare Chauvinism

Belief that welfare benefits should primarily be reserved for native citizens rather than immigrants or outsiders

Euroscepticism

Opposition / skepticism toward: European integration, EU institutions, and supranational authority

Multidimensional competition

The idea that party competition now occurs on 2 dimensions rather than only the economic left-right conflict

• Economic - redistribution / taxation

• Cultural - immigration / national identity

Accommodation

A strategy where mainstream right parties: shift toward tougher immigration or nationalist positions to win back radical-right voters

Cordon Sanitaire

A strategy where mainstream parties: refuse cooperation or coalition-building with the populist radical right

Issue Ownership Strategy

An attempt by parties to reclaim credibility over issues such as immigration or national identity

Centrist Modernization

A strategy where mainstream right parties embrace post-material and socially liberal values to appeal to centrist voters

Catch-All Party

A broad party seeking support across: classes, identities, social groups rather than representing one narrow constituency

Cleavage Restructuring

The transformation of traditional political alignments. Instead of: stable class-based politics, politics increasingly reflects: cultural identity, nationalism, and globalization attitudes

Structural Squeeze

The central dilemma facing mainstream right: needing to balance cosmopolitan moderate voters and national-authoritarian voters simultaneously. This creates: internal factional conflict, unstable coalitions, and strategic contradictions

The Left - Social Democrats

Values: solidarity, social justice, freedom to self actualize, clean air

Policies: associated with encouraging nationalization

Three waves in Europe: Post-war became catch-all, neolibera/free market, shifting more right

While this is oftentimes the oldest party in many European countries, they are in sharp decline across Europe, economic + social explanations, multiple dimensions