Hazard Evidence

Mount Nyiragongo is responsible for

40% of Africa’s recorded Volcanic eruptions

How many died in mount Nyiragongo

147

How much of what village was destroyed by Nyiragongo

1/3 of Goma Village

How many evacuated Mount Nyiragongo

350,000

How long after the Nyiragongo eruption did who ferry aid? What did they do and what was the cost?

UN ferried aid 2 days after and built shelters that cost $15M

How long did the Iceland eruption close airspace, how many were stranded?

5 days, 7m left stranded

What was the airlines loss of productivity after Iceland volcano

$400m/day

What Volcano is typically triggered after the Eyjafjallajökull eruption?

Katla

How many were evacuated in Iceland?

1000, 800 due to floods

How many died in the Boxing day tsunami? Where?

300,000, 130,000 in Indonesia alone

How many were injured in the Boxing day Tsunami

650,000

How many homes were destroyed in the boxing day tsunami

500,000

What was removed for how far after the Boxing day Tsunami

Vegetation and top soil for 800M

How many were made homeless in the Boxing day Tsunami?

2M , 500,000 housed in refugee camps in the Areh province in Indonesia

What was what country’s fishing loss cost after the Boxing day Tsunami

Thailand lost $226M

How many Indonesians lost their livelihoods

44%

who provided aid in the Boxing day Tsunami

• 160 aid organisations

• The UN

• UK govt promised £75m

• Donations gave $100m

When were warnings given in the Boxing day Tsunami

not broadcast until 1h after the first wave hit

What was the overall recovery cost of the Boxing day Tsunami

$11B

What Storm Hit Haiti? When?

Hurricane Grace, 2 days after the 2021 earthquake

How Many died in the 2010 Haiti earthquake?

230,000

In Haiti 2010 How many were made homeless, how much of the buildings destroyed?

1.5M made homeless

50% of buildings destroyed

5000 schools destroyed

How many left the capital after the 2010 Haiti earthquake

600,000

How many died in the 2021 Haiti earthquake

2245

How many were injured in the 2021 Haiti earthquake

12,200

How many medical facilities were destroyed in the 2021 Haiti earthquake

53

How many buildings were destroyed in the 2021 Haiti earthquake

130,000 homes destroyed

1016 schools destroyed

How high was the tsunami at the capital of the 2021 Haiti earthquake

3M

How many families were made homeless in the 2021 Haiti earthquake

30,000

Who donated what in the 2021 Haiti earthquake

Eu donated 3M

What was the cost of damage in the 2021 Haiti earthquake

$1.5B which is 10% of their GDP

What were the wind speeds of what storm

Hurricane Catarina has 90mph winds in Brazil

How high was Hurricane Katrina’s storm surge

7.6m

Flooding by what storm in new jersey led to how many being evacuated?

1M evacuated due to Hurricane Irene in 2011

Hurricane _____ triggered multiple landslides killing _____

Mitch, 180,000 killed

How much were the damages of Hurricane Katrina?

$150B

What military govt refused to allow international aid after what cyclone?

Myanmar, after Cyclone Nargis

What aid group provided aid in Pakistan?

medical Sans Frontieres after 2010 floods provided 80,000 consultations

____built a ___high sea wall after a storm surge killed ____

Texas built a 5m high sea wall after a storm surge killed 1200

Hurricane _____ in the _______ had a cone of prediction plotted allowing for warning/preparation

Hurricane Gustav in the Caribbean

How accurate are the SLOSH models that predict what

+/- 20% of height of storm surges

Cyclone Winston killed?

44

how many homes did Cyclone Winston destroy

40,000

Cyclone Winston destroyed what village

Kade Village

Cyclone Winston caused how much of the population to lose power?

80%

How many were homeless after Cyclone Winston?

131,000

How many were left in need of water and sanitation after Cyclone Winston

250,000

Cyclone Winston caused the agricultural sector to lose__

$54m

How many cyclone shelters were put up in preparation for Cyclone Winston

700

Long term after Cyclone Winston, ____ was supplied to _____ to help with reconstruction

$9m supplied to 40,000

How much aid did both Aus and NZ give to Fiji

both over $3m

What scheme did the govt launch after Cyclone Winston

Help for homes scheme aimed towards low income companies

Hurricane Sandy left how much of what country without power?

70% of Jamaica

How many killed in Hurricane Sandy

USA: 160

Haiti: 50 (tail end)

Cuba: 11

How many homes in Cuba were destroyed after Hurricane Sandy? How many were made homeless in Haiti?

Cuba has 15,000 homes destroyed

Haiti had 200,000 made homeless

What was the damage of Hurricane Sandy

$75B in US

Who sent relief supplies where after Hurricane Sandy

UN and WFP send relief for 500,000 in Cuba

American red cross supplied 4000 Volunteers

In the USA after Hurricane Sandy a live telethon and a Disney ‘day of giving’ raised?

$37m

When did a US govt aid package get approved? For how much? what were its issues?

• 2013

• $50b

• less than half who requested help received any

How many in the US remain displaced after Hurricane Sandy

17,000

Where are there community fireguards for wildfires?

Bow Valley in Alberta Canada

What campaign raises awareness for wildfires? How effective was it?

1944 Smokey Bear

Avg number of hectares lost to wild fires fell from 54m in 1944 to 16.5m today

70% of Americans recall his message

The Alberta Canada 2016 wild fire jumped how much?

1km

What did Nasa develop for wildfires, where is it used?

drones for the Great Dismal Swamp that have a range of 13km and fly for 1h

What percentage of wildfires are human caused?

90%

What was the cost of the damages in the Alberta 2016 wildfire?

$9B

How many evacuated in the Alberta 2016 wildfire

90,000 evacuated from Fort Mc Murray

8300 evacuated from the Oil sands → halted production, costing industry $1B

How much was burned in the Alberta 2016 wildfire

590,000 hectares burnt

2400 homes burnt down

What was the name of the benefit concert that took place where after the Alberta 2016 wildfire

Fire aid took place in Edmonton

The Red Cross coordinated donations of__ for the Alberta WildFire

$50m

What is the population of Kobe, Japan? what is the population density?

Population of 1.5m with a density of 2700/km2

What was wrong with the roads in Kobe, Japan?

The road system on pillars above the city had nit been updated past 1960 building codes

When was there last a major earthquake in Kobe, Japan?

400 years ago

Why was Kobe, Japan not prepared to be hit by the earthquake?

Kobe was thought to be outside the boundary of destruction but a chain reaction along the fault led to it running through the centre of Kobe. Scientists were previously not aware of the subterranean fault line’s existence

How many people died after the 1995 earthquake in Kobe, Japan?

6434

How many buildings were destroyed in Kobe, Japan? Why?

100,000 → traditional Japanese housing was made to withstand Storms rather than earthquakes

What happened to the Dock/port in Kobe, Japan? What was the economic impact (multiple things)?

• Land subsidence of the dock/port caused much of it to be destroyed which was bad as it was the source of 40% of Kobe’s economic output

• led to a $40B loss in oil trade as the dock was not fully repaired for 2 years

what was the cost of damage in Kobe, Japan?

$150B damages

How much traffic was blocked due to the expressway being knocked over?

40% of Osaka <→ Kobe Road Traffic

How much of the Osaka-Kobe railway was left operational after the earthquake?

only 30%

How long did it take for help from the national govt to arrive after the Kobe, Japan earthquake?

2 days

Who provided free telephone services after the Kobe, Japan earthquake?

Motorola

How many volunteers were involved with relief efforts in Kobe, Japan?

1.2M

How quickly did the railways in Kobe, Japan rebound? To what operability?

the railways rebounded, returning to 80% operability in 1 month

How much was spent on rebuilding the docs and roadways in Kobe, Japan?

$9.8B

What happened to the ports in Kobe, Japan after how long?

After 1 year, the Ports had half recovered with half the import volumes and almost full export volumes.

What happened to manufacturing levels in Kobe, Japan after how long?

After 15months, manufacturing levels reached 98%

What was the govts long term response in Kobe, Japan?

• Declared an annual education week in the month of the earthquake

• The national govt revised its disaster response policy → This meant that it was able to respond to the 2004 earthquake much quicker

How much of the population in Kobe, Japan was homeless? what did the govt do in response to this?

20% of the city population was homeless so in response the govt built 40,000 housing units

Where is the Philippines located? Why is this important?

It is located in the west pacific which is the most active cyclone basin in the world

How many Islands are in the Philippines?

700

How many typhoons make landfall a year in the Philippines?

10 per year

What is the population and population density of the Philippines?

117M with 332/km²

How many active volcanos are there in the Philippines?

24

What happened to the Philippines disaster policy when?

In 2009, the Philippines changed to focus on mitigation and resilience when previously they only gave aid after the disaster had occurred

Mount Pinatubo Philippines

• 1991

• Largest volcanic eruption since 1912 → VEI 6

• 700 deaths → 700 in Lahars

• $710,000 economic loss

• 2 weeks prior govt educated on risks of pyroclastic flows and lahars

• 5000 saved due to education

Mindanao Philippines

• 1976

• 7.9 magnitude

• 8000 deaths

• Tsunamis

Luzon Philippines

• 1990

• 1600 deaths

• soil liquefaction

Bohol Philippines

• 2013

• 200 deaths

• damaged 10,000 buildings

what was significant about typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines?

It was the deadliest philippino typhoon ever on record and was the strongest storm recorded at landfall